中外社区治安管理对策的比较——以西方社区邻里守望和中国群防群治为例

西方的社区警务理论是经过三次大的警务革命总结经验教训之后才形成和发展起来的。上世纪70年代之后,它已成为国际警务的大趋势。目前,我国正处于社会变革、经济转型时期,社会基层基础治安出现了许多新情况、新问题。当前我国的社区治安管理工作应该在借鉴西方社区誓务成熟的管理模式基础上构建具有自己特色的社区治安防控体系。     

推进政府知识管理 建设服务型政府

政府知识管理在政府单位中的实践是构建服务型政府的重要途径。它带来的创新包括：新的价值取向、新的合作分享机制、新的领导方式以及新的精神激励。通过政府知识管理的创新,再造新型政府,实现服务型政府的构造。在当前推进政府知识管理的操作实践中,仍存在根本目的不明、缺乏发展规划和灵活机制、官僚主义文化惯性运作等问题。推进政府知识管理,需要科学合理的措施和方法,主要包括进行系统构建、组织再造和环境培育。     

网络色情犯罪给我国侦查工作带来的挑战与对策

网络色情犯罪作为一种新型犯罪具有与普通刑事犯罪不同的特点,在行为上有较强的隐蔽性,在对象上针对不确定多数人,在主观上具有愉悦的感受等。我国目前对网络色情犯罪的侦查立法不够全面,造成在侦查实践中对罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪认识不尽一致,导致对网络色情犯罪的打击不力;侦查技术尚不完善,大量电子证据无法获取。因此,完善立法、创新侦查技术势在必行。     

《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》中公正审判权的保留问题探析

《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》的执行机构人权事务委员会从提出保留的限制条件、保留是否有效的判断机关以及无效保留的法律后果等三个方面对公约的保留问题表明了自己的态度。为了不至于违反公约规定的国际义务,在批准公约时,有些国家根据自己的情况对公正审判权提出了保留。考虑到我国的实际情况,我国在批准公约时,应当对公正审判权的适用范围和得益于较轻刑罚的权利提出保留。     

公众参与：执政党政策合法性的新来源

执政党依靠制定和实施公共政策实现对社会的治理。执政党的政策能否得到广泛的认同和支持直接影响到执政党自身的合法性,因此执政党必然通过各种渠道和方式强化其与民众的联系。改革开放以来,中国共产党通过一系列制度和机制的创新,特别是倡导和鼓励公众参与,使执政党政策的合法性途径更为多元,这不仅实质性地提高了执政党的执政能力,有效地降低了执政成本,也为建构社会主义和谐社会提供了重要的制度平台。     

李普赛特政治发展观及其对后发国家政治民主化的启示

李普赛特认为民主的发展有赖于经济发展为其提供物质保障,有赖于认同、价值等社会心理因素为其提供合法性支撑,有赖于政治国家与公民社会的充分互动。后发国家的外生性政治民主化进程是一个异常复杂而艰难的过程,既需要以工业化为基础的经济高速发展,亦有赖于基于共同价值和认同的政治文化作为支撑,还需要在“强国家-强社会”结构的互动中实现多元主体对国家政治生活的积极参与。     

遏制污染转移应加强公众参与

政府、污染转移者和受害者的环境关系失衡是污染转移屡禁不绝的重要原因。在很多污染转移情形中,污染者面对的是弱小的受害者,政府却偏向于污染者。公众尤其是农村居民在污染预防阶段维权缺位,在污染侵害阶段维权地位不利,使环境污染态势仍在加剧。因此,要实现我国生态环境的转变,就必须改变这种不平等博弈的局面,应促进公众参与遏制污染转移,使其在污染预防阶段能够参与项目的决策,在污染侵害中能够得到相应的赔偿,形成对污染企业和地方政府的压力机制。     

European national news

The regular article tracking developments at the national level in key European countries in the area of IT and communications – co-ordinated by Herbert Smith LLP and contributed by firms across Europe. This column provides a concise alerting service of important national developments in key European countries. Part of its purpose is to complement the Journal's feature articles and briefing notes by keeping readers abreast of what is currently happening “on the ground” at a national level in implementing EU level legislation and international conventions and treaties. Where an item of European National News is of particular significance, CLSR may also cover it in more detail in the current or a subsequent edition.     

Legal and ethical issues in knowledge management in Malaysia

In this era of k-economy, knowledge management is becoming crucial to take stock of the influx of knowledge available on the Internet as well as consolidating knowledge generated within an organization. This paper explores the legal and ethical ramifications of all the various processes of knowledge management from capturing, creation, sharing and dissemination of knowledge within an organization in Malaysia.     

“Opt in” and “opt out” mechanisms in the internet era – towards a common theory

In order to provide for adequate legal protection mainly in mass-transactions on the internet, both the legislature and private parties increasingly, resort to so-called “opt in” and “opt out” mechanisms. Whether or not an “opt in” or an “opt out” mechanism is used is often decided on a case-by-case basis. The same is true regarding the circumstances under which private parties are or should be allowed to resort to “opt out” mechanisms, and if so, what restrictions should safeguard the free will of the addressees of such mechanisms. This paper argues that the existing “opt in” and “opt out” schemes should not be regarded and discussed as isolated phenomena. Rather, they should be analyzed from the viewpoint of a common underlying legal theory which builds on the common character of the underlying regulatory structure of all “opt in” and “opt out” schemes. This requires a complex matrix which comprises not only the opposites of “in” and “out”, but also of “active” and “inactive”, of “preference” and “non-preference” for the respective default rules, as well as of “ex ante” and “ex post” enforcement of the law. It also involves normative, economic, psychological and, last but not least, technical issues.