Gauging support for innovative farmland preservation techniques

Given growing concerns about the loss of farmland in the US, governmental and nonprofit groups are seeking innovative, cost-effective methods to preserve lands that will elicit additional landowner participation. This article describes four innovative farmland preservation techniques and derives implications for the policy process through interviews of key stakeholders: program administrators, lawmakers, and landowners. Experts on farmland preservation were also interviewed to ensure stakeholder perceptions substantively inform the policy process. Four techniques were selected for assessment from approximately 30 novel techniques. Reactions to these policy options reflect stakeholder perceptions of a baseline condition; the perceptions help evaluate which options are likely to survive the policy process and what attributes will lead to their acceptability because few of these techniques have yet become policy. Although the stakeholders may have more limited experience with the policy process, land preservation experts validated many of the results and the possibility of success in the “rough and tumble” of the policy process. Of the four investigated techniques rights of first refusal was the most favored, although respondents thought effective implementation would require careful targeting and a dedicated funding source. Experts agreed this technique was most likely to survive in the political arena. Agricultural conservation pension was also viewed favorably, though it was considered administratively difficult to implement. Several experts thought that, though inchoate, the pension plan could potentially be more cost effective than rights of first refusal. Land preservation tontines were perceived to be an interesting concept, but confusing, difficult to implement, and ill-defined. Term conservation easements were viewed unfavorably because they did not preserve land permanently.

How High-Yield Farming Saves Nature

High-yield farming—more agricultural output per acre of farmland—has been a boon to mankind and to nature. If today’s agricultural efficiency was the same as in the 1950s, the world would need three times the cropland to produce today’s food supply. That would mean that 15-16 million mi² of forest would have been destroyed—all the global forest area available today. Rising population and increased affluence will require a tripling of agricultural efficiency in the next 50 years if we are to protect wildlife at the same time. More investment in agricultural research and education will be required, but this is what produced the previous green revolution.

禁播电影国内传播的版权问题研究——兼论网络服务商的法律责任

禁播电影,即我国实行电影审查制度下不具备公映资格的电影,不能够在我国境内发行、放映、进口、出口.我国法律实践中仅仅规定了非法传播的刑事责任与行政责任,而没有有关版权人版权的民事责任规定.根据版权相关的国际公约,由于其形式上构成作品而应当享有版权,因此在我国被非法传播的禁播电影版权应该得到确认.禁播电影版权的国内保护具有特殊性,首先它不能够积极地行使版权,但是在非法传播的情况下可以依据电影版权而获得民事赔偿.网络服务商对禁播电影的网络传播承担间接侵权责任,而网络版权侵害中的替代责任的确立更成为了必要.     

日本参加TPP的“内忧”与“外患”

文章分析了日本参加TPP谈判问题所面临的困境及其对未来内政外交走向的影响。首先,在经济方面,日本因参加TPP谈判将面临是继续保护农业还是扩展制造业出口以振兴经济的矛盾;其次,在政治方面,由于参加TPP谈判日本将面临由于各利益集团冲突引起的国内政治矛盾;第三,在外交方面,因为参加TPP谈判,日本将与美国围绕以农业为主的市场开放的程度问题进行博弈,同时也陷入如何协调美国市场与中国市场的关系的矛盾。文章认为日本将不会在短期内解决这些矛盾,而只能在国内政界重新整合与国际格局进一步发展变化的过程中逐步得到解决。     

Alleviating poverty through resource provision: The case of a South African agricultural project

The article documents the findings of a qualitative study that assessed the sustainability of providing resources for poverty alleviation. It argues that access to resources does not assure livelihood security. The study also argues that the ability to sustain resources, rather than merely facilitating access, assures poverty alleviation and livelihood security. Using a qualitative research method and the sustainable livelihoods approach, the article assesses the activities and performance of a small group of women in a government-sponsored agricultural project. The findings reveal that exited projects struggle to sustain themselves and that assetting alone – without skills, capacity, sense of ownership and a clear focus – does not yield the sustainability necessary for poverty alleviation. The conclusion is made that although resources are a necessary first step towards poverty alleviation, sustainable resource management should be highly valued in the process. The article recommends that agriculture-based development projects not be seen as the only option for the rural poor, as knowledge of farming is indeed crucial.     

从“大陆三部曲”看日本对华文化政策

"大陆三部曲"是"满洲映画协会"(以下简称"满映")与日本东宝电影公司合作拍摄的电影作品,是中日学者研究"满映"不可缺少的重要参考资料."大陆三部曲"内容极其反动,是典型的殖民化电影.日本当局利用最具宣传性、鼓动性的电影,对东北沦陷区民众推行文化专制政策,"满映"在"国策"宣传和推行日本文化政策上起到了重要作用.     

战后菲律宾农业发展困境的深层根源——基于技术和制度的视角

本文详细地描述了战后菲律宾农业技术变革及相应制度建设的情况,以及它们之间的动态作用过程。本研究发现,菲律宾在20世纪60、70年代所取得的农业成就很大程度上得益于早期政府对基础设施的投资和技术研发的支持。然而,从长期看,菲律宾政府支持农业技术研发的政治意愿并不高,导致相应的制度建设扭曲,从而造成了长期农业发展的不乐观。     

关于伪满洲国的文化监管法规

伪满洲国成立后,日本在中国东北推行奴化政策,不允许生产和传播任何威胁伪满"立国基础"的文化产品。这种文化控制是通过《出版法》与《电影片取缔规则》等一系列法规实施的。本文分析了这些法规制定的目的、实施的效果,特别是《出版法》的溯及既往条款、印刷所地点条款和《电影片取缔规则》的儿童保护条款,最终揭示了殖民主义政权的本质。     

涉农产业发展的国际比较研究

涉农产业是一个涵盖农业投入、农业生产、农产品加工和流通的产业体系.涉农产业发展具有显著的阶段性特征,随着经济发展水平的提高,涉农产业在国民经济中的重要性趋于稳定,且涉农产业价值链的延伸趋于均衡;涉农产业产品与非涉农产业产品收入弹性的差异、以及涉农产业内部不同产品收入弹性的差异,是影响农产品加工和流通部门发展的主要因素;...     

泰国农产品加工业发展的经验与启示

农产品加工业不仅是承接农业与工业的纽带,更是农业产业化、现代化、新型工业化的"助推器",也是国民经济腾飞的"羽翼"。文章以东南亚农产品加工业最发达的泰国为例,探讨了该国农产品加工业欣欣向荣的成功经验,以期对我国农产品加工业的快速、健康发展提供有益的启示与借鉴。