美国成年人监护标准及对完善我国成年人监护标准的启示

美国成年人监护标准在过去的三个世纪中迅速发展,以全球标准为起点,经过后来的改革运动发展到包括医疗诊断、日常行为能力评估和个人生活的环境等一系列标准,成年人监护标准的发展非常显著。在我国经济高速发展、人口老化日益严重的形势下,成年人监护标准应当成为监护制度中的重要部分,而我国原有制定成年人监护标准的理念在现在看来也已经很落后了,急需进行适当修改以适应社会发展的需要,美国的成年人监护标准的演进与完善对我国成年人监护标准具有重要的借鉴意义。     

论公众人物及其隐私权

公众人物是指在一定时间和空间范围内具有重要影响，并且与社会公众利益有关从而为该时空范围内的人们所广泛知晓和关注的人物。其判断标准有两个：一是社会知名度，二是与社会公共利益相关。由隐私权的基本权利性质决定，公众人物作为社会大众中的一员享有隐私权是无可争议的，公众人物的隐私权理应受到相应的法律保护。并且，基于公众人物隐私权不同于普通公民隐私权的特性，应当加大对公众人物的隐私权的保护力度。     

论俄罗斯宪法法院对公民基本权利的保障

宪法诉讼是现代保障公民基本权利最为有效的方式。在俄罗斯,履行宪法诉讼职能的机构是宪法法院。实践中,宪法法院主要依托宪法诉愿制度,适用蕴含比例原则的俄罗斯宪法第55条第3款作为审查基准保障公民基本权利。此外,宪法法院还常在判决中援引国际条约和欧洲人权法院判例,其目的是用先进的权利保障标准来要求和促进俄罗斯的公民基本权利保障。     

重塑侵害商标权的认定标准

现代商标制度把"混淆标准"与"淡化标准"作为认定侵害商标权的标准,两个标准并置导致了商标法侵权理论的混乱。"混淆标准"预设了商标法的消费者中心主义,并把理性消费者作为判定侵权的主体。现代技术塑造了商标对消费者的符号暴力,理性消费者的缺失使"混淆标准"丧失了依据。消费者受益是商标法保护商标权人的结果,而不是目的。商标法应以对商标所有人的保护作为第一要旨。商标所有人中心主义抑或消费者中心主义导致了对政府监管的不同态度。侵害商标权的认定标准应当以商标权作为考虑的基点,"商标显著性受到损害之虞"可以统合商标法上既有的"混淆标准"与"淡化标准",矫正了既有商标权认定标准的不足,有其自身的优势。     

中国改革开放30年法官素质状况变迁研究——以法官职业标准与法官职业外部评价标准为视角

中国法治建设三十年来取得了不菲成就,法官素质的发展变化从微观角度上对此做出了佐证。法官素质是指法官的审判能力或资格。"职业标准"是指法官职业本身对法官素质的认识标准。法官职业标准立基于法官职业内部视角,也可称为内在标准。"法官职业外部评价标准"是法官职业外部的人对法官素质评价标准,因其视角基于法官职业之外,也可称为外部标准。我们可以发现法官素质问题在当代中国的独特性与复杂性,同时这一问题也昭示了中国当下进行的法治建设所具有的独特性与复杂性,并预示着法治在中国的实现仍需假以时日,不会一蹴而就。     

Cannabis sales and immigrant youth gangs in Denmark – An exploratory study of market structure and youth gang evolution

Cannabis sales by youth gangs consisting of male descendants of immigrants from Middle Eastern countries are subject of much public debate in Denmark and Scandinavia. Only little research has explored the intersection between the wider social context of the drug market and the criminal engagements of these groups using qualitative methods. Using eleven semi-structured interviews with youth, police and experts, collected between 2011 and 2013, this study examines how the overall structure of the cannabis market in Copenhagen affects the opportunities to engage in cannabis sales for immigrant youth gangs. The study rests on an assumption that increased deterrence in specific geographic areas will displace buyers and shift market shares between competing groups. The result was that increased cannabis dealing furthered gang evolution even at the lowest organizational steps, from neighbourhood groups to more delinquent collectives. A key finding is that neighbourhood youth clubs play a central role in the lives of the interviewees. Youth clubs served as social spaces but also functioned as a form of turf to be conquered from city officials.     

加拿大外国银行分行准入制度及其对我国的启示

加拿大对外国银行分行准入曾经是采取禁止的态度,到1999年6月28日加拿大联邦立法机构通过了《第C-67法令》。该法令试图修改《银行法》、《清算与重组法》以及其它金融机构相关法令,从而允许合格的外国银行在加拿大设立分行。外国银行分行可以采取全能分行或者贷款分行的形式来运作。尽管加拿大外国银行分行制度的历史并不悠久,但其新近制度的构建确实比较系统全面。本文在评介加拿大外国银行分行准入的标准、申请程序及相关信息要求的基础上,对我国相关制度的完善进行一些思考。     

From dynamic risk factors to causal processes: a methodological framework

ABSTRACT

It is becoming increasingly apparent that dynamic risk factors are unable to function as explanations of offending because they are composite constructs, which contain a mixture of putative causes, states of affairs, and problematic cognitive, affective, behavioural and social states associated with crime. In this paper we draw from psychopathology research and theory on the conception and classification of mental disorders to develop the Dynamic Risk Research Framework (DRRF). In our opinion, the assumptions and methodological tool associated with this framework can better focus research into the causes of offending by making use of the information provided by dynamic risk factors. A conceptual framework such as the DRRF can arguably translate this valuable information into deep, coherent explanations, and ultimately, more streamlined and precise intervention strategies.     

Assessing the “Quality of Democracy” in Turkey

Turkey is a case of a Muslim-majority country that has known an experience of representative democracy almost uninterrupted since the Second World War. The historical passages that have characterized the path to democracy in Turkey have configured the current set of powers. The aim of this article is to explore how the democratization process in Turkey is relevant in procedural, substantive, and result terms. In the first part is undertaken a historical overview from the perspective of modernization and democratic consolidation carried out by Turkey, also on the basis of the ability to meet the requirements of the Copenhagen political criteria. The second part investigates eight dimensions in which democracy spreads its effects in order to assess the quality of democracy of Turkey.