The Monitoring Capacity of Civil Society Networks: A Social Network Analysis in the Case of Gender Equality Policy

The role of civil society organizations (CSOs) as a watchdog in the implementation process is widely acknowledged. However, little is known about what determines their capacity to monitor EU policy implementation and how it differs across member states. This article accounts for social capital as well as human and financial capital to determine the monitoring capacity of CSOs. To capture sources of social capital, a network analysis is applied in a comparative case article on the monitoring networks of national platforms of the European Women’s Lobby across eight EU member states. The analysis reveals that CSOs in western member states are rich in human, financial and social capital, while CSOs in CEE member states compensate for this lack of resources by linking up with the Commission.     

欧盟商标产品平行进口的法律问题

商标产品平行进口一直是世界各国知识产权法领域探讨的热点问题之一.欧盟有关该问题的立法与实践对我国具有颇多的借鉴意义.欧盟在立法中明确允许欧盟范围内商标产品的平行进口,而对于欧盟范围外商标产品的平行进口问题争议很大,通过几个有典型意义的案例进行分析,从中可以窥探到欧盟立法者的态度及欧盟立法动向.     

地区经济合作:理论、现状和我国对策--兼论中国-东盟自由贸易区

由于世界贸易的壁垒正在不断降低 ,当前的经济一体化组织主要受益于资源的优化配置效应 ,因此 ,其排他性正在减弱。欧盟和北美自由贸易区的成功合作表明 ,地区经济一体化合作有利于参加这一合作所有成员国的共同繁荣。中国———东盟自由贸易区将加快所有成员国经济的发展 ,推动多极世界的形成。最后 ,文章提出了创建中国———东盟自由贸易区的若干建议。     

欧盟反倾销中的国家类别研究

欧盟针对不同的国家类别,实施不同的反倾销机制或政策,因此反倾销与国家类别之间存在一定的关联性。欧盟对国家类别的划分在一定程度上影响着包括中国在内的不少国家和地区的对欧出口,成为这些国家与欧盟正常开展双边经贸关系的一个不利因素,因此研究这一问题具有一定意义。     

How the court made a federation of the EU

We analyze the European institutional integration that took place in the 1950s and 1960s as a two-stage process. Firstly, an explicitly political project aims at establishing a European political community. The project is abandoned in the mid-1950s and political integration stops. At that time, the institutions of the Union take the form of a confederation. In a second stage, because of the failure of the European political community, a legal process of integration driven by the European Court of Justice takes place. This second stage of unification is more centralizing and in effect leads to a federalization of the European institutional structure. The transformation of the political structure of the European Union thus appears to result from the actions and decisions of a legal entity, the European Court of Justice.      

转型后俄乌两国经济联系探析

苏联时期俄罗斯与乌克兰两个加盟共和国间的经济联系是一个有机的整体，苏联解体后，俄乌转变为两个相互间有着内在紧密联系的独立国家。由于乌克兰特殊的地缘经济政治地位，与欧洲经济一体化也同样是乌克兰优先发展的对外政策，在政治因素的影响下两国在能源、农产品和军工领域的合作进程发展缓慢。从长远来看，发展两国间的内在经济联系，促进两国间多领域合作是符合两国经济发展共同利益的方向。     

The Legal Profession in the european Union – a Comparative Analysis of Four Member States

Cross-border legal practice has finally become reality in Europe mainly thanks to two factors: the legal framework offered to EC lawyers by the EC legislator and the effect of globalization on legal profession. This article focuses primarily on the success of EC/EU efforts in abolishing obstacles to the free movement of lawyers. Particular attention is drawn to the Establishment Directive, adopted in 1998, opening up new perspectives for lawyers. Secondly, it discusses how globalization has contributed to this development. In relation to the above, this article also explores the new concept of establishment stemming from the expansion of law firms in Europe. Thirdly and mainly, it considers the national positions and the difficulties in harmonizing the legal professions throughout Europe. The examples of four Member States: the UK, France, Germany and Italy demonstrate how much they differ from each other as far as the needs, expectations and rules governing the legal profession. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.