民主选举与社会分裂——东亚民主转型国家与地区的政治与政局

东亚民主转型国家和地区发生的社会分裂与其实行的民主制度之间存在较强的关联性。在经济发展不平衡、贫富差距大、民族国家意识淡泊及选举文化有欠成熟的情况下,参与选举的政治势力和社会群体倾向于将投票及相关活动视为扩大自身利益和削弱对方力量的机会,导致不同政治势力和社会群体之间的对立和冲突超出可控范围。     

From British subjects to Australian values: a citizenship-building approach to Australia–Asia relations

Australia–Asia relations are inextricably bound up with the development of notions of statehood and citizenship. The argument advanced here is that the way a state acts within the international community markedly determines how it relates to its own citizens. Here we suggest that the continuing and politically resonant idea of Australia as a ‘middle power’ is a crucial thread that links the international and national dimensions of citizenship building. From the very beginning of Federation, the contingent sovereignty of the new Australian Commonwealth in the imperial order became necessarily entangled with debate over national political institutions and citizenship building. Long after the end of the British Empire, the notion of middle power politics has determined the nature and shape of citizenship building. These statecraft projects of ‘citizenship building’ are profoundly shaped, determined and reinforced by the institutions and policies of regional engagement. We explore this framework through three critical junctures of domestic and external policy: 1. the emergence of dominion status on the basis of a common racial and cultural identity within the empire in the first half of the century;

2. the developing notion of a good international citizen during the Hawke and Keating period;

3. the invocation of Australian values by John Howard.

     

中美学者关于中国在东南亚软实力理解的对比分析

"软实力"逐渐成为了中国一个时髦的话语,它甚至超越了学术的范畴。本文将对比并分析中美两国学者对中国在东南亚"软实力"的理解。     

“美元本位”与东南亚的外汇储备管理

全球经济失衡背景下，美国经常账户持续逆差与东南亚外汇储备迅速扩张引人注目，东南亚将美元作为贸易计价、结算货币和本币钉住的对象。1998年以后，东南亚经常账户由逆差开始转为顺差，导致其外汇储备快速增长，发展成为典型“官方债权国”。泰国的储备资产扩张更多地依托资本和金融账户，新加坡的外汇储备增长则具有坚实的经济基础，通过公积金计划的实施来降低货币当局的购汇压力。     

太平洋战争期间日本对东南亚的贸易统制研究

1941年日本在发动太平洋战争的同时,开始对东南亚地区实行贸易统制政策,采取政府出台相关政策、军队和企业具体实施的方针,通过滥发军票等方式,以较低的价格进口东南亚各地的重要资源。日本的贸易统制政策虽然在短期内使日本与东南亚各地之间的贸易急剧增长,但却严重破坏了东南亚各地的产业结构和对外贸易,给东南亚各国造成巨大损失。     

魏晋南北朝时期中国与东南亚的佛教文化交流

魏晋南北朝时期，在中国与东南亚地区的交往中，佛教文化的交流构成了彼此间相互往来的一个重要内容，充分体现了物质文化与精神文化的交流二者并行不悖、相辅相成的密切关系。这一时期往来或取道东南亚地区而来的中外僧人所带来的大量佛教经典及其译经活动，极大地促进了佛教文化在中国的传播，为隋唐时期中国与东南亚地区佛教文化交流的进一步深化和发展奠定了坚实的基础。     

十月革命前朝鲜人向俄国远东地区迁移述评

俄国占领中国黑龙江以北、乌苏里江以东土地后,急需大量劳动力对该地区进行开发。1864年第一批朝鲜人越过边界来到俄国远东,此后陆续有大批朝鲜人进入远东。他们为远东的开发做出了不可忽视的贡献,特别是善于从事农耕的朝鲜人开垦了大片荒地,促进了远东农业的发展。十月革命前朝鲜人向远东移民的历史可分为两个时期,以1895年的中日甲午战争为界,每个时期又可划分为几个阶段。     

The role of non-timber forest products in poverty reduction in India: prospects and problems

The vast natural resources of India's forests, including non-timber forest products (NTFPs), such as medicinal and aromatic plants, leaves, fruits, seeds, resins, gums, bamboos, and canes, offer employment that provides up to half the income of about 25 per cent of the country's rural labour force. However, poor harvesting practices and over-exploitation in the face of increasing market demand are threatening the sustainability of these resources, and thus the livelihoods of forest-dependent tribal communities. This article analyses the role of NTFPs in livelihoods-improvement initiatives and considers recent initiatives intended to enhance their conservation and sustainable management. It recommends policies to optimise the potential of NTFPs, both to support rural livelihoods and to contribute to India's social, economic, and environmental well-being.     

Integrating participatory elements into conventional research projects: measuring the costs and benefits

Until recently, participatory and conventional approaches to agricultural research have been regarded as more or less antagonistic. This article presents evidence from three sub-projects of a Thai–Vietnamese–German collaborative research programme on ‘Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Mountainous Regions of Southeast Asia’, in which participatory elements were successfully integrated into conventional agricultural research as add-on activities. In all three sub-projects the costs of studying local knowledge or enhancing farmers' experimentation consisted of additional local personnel, opportunity costs of participating farmers' time, and travel costs. However, these participatory elements of the research projects constituted only a small fraction of the total costs. It may be concluded that conventional agricultural research can be complemented by participatory components in a cost-effective way, while producing meaningful benefits in terms of creating synergies by blending scientific and local knowledge, scaling up micro-level data, and highlighting farmers' constraints affecting technology adoption.     

东北老工业基地振兴与东北亚区域合作

东北老工业基地在中国经济发展过程中做出了重要贡献。改革开放以后 ,东北老工业基地被边缘化了。充分利用有利的国外市场和资源对于振兴东北老工业基地具有十分重要的意义。把中国东北的发展置于东北亚区域内 ,有利于东北地区在开放的环境中获得振兴和发展。同时 ,中国东北地区的振兴也为周边国家的发展提供了机会 ,能够进一步促进东北亚区域经济合作的发展。