The view from city hall: Local perceptions of intergovernmental fiscal relations in the Czech Republic

This article analyzes perceptions of inter-governmental fiscal relations as held by local officials of the Czech Republic. The field study probes local perceptions of progress toward fiscal decentralization in the Czech Republic. A statistical analysis is based on a scaling of cities according to size and according to a generalized, multi-part measure of fiscal autonomy. This measure is effective in discriminating high and low autonomy cities by size, types of expenditures, and funding sources. Cities of diverse sizes are divided into groups reflecting perceptions of greater or lesser autonomy. The implications of the findings are discussed.     

幸福测量探析与经济发展方式的转向——斯蒂格利茨委员会报告“经济与社会”共建理念的解读

经济增长的目标是发展,而幸福则是经济发展的终极目标。"民生、尊严与幸福"议题在2011年两会得以彰显,在对幸福测量研究综述之上,笔者提出了自己的幸福测量观,并经由对呼吁幸福社会建设"斯蒂格利茨-森-菲图西委员会报告"的解读去体察个中所内含的经济发展方式的转向,即在新转型时代,除了"生产性产出"的经济绩效之外,更要注重立足于为民众谋幸福的社会进步。     

民事审前准备程序功能之实现路径——以当事人与法官权限分配为视角

程序主体直接承担程序的法律后果,是推动诉讼程序顺利进行的重要因素。在各国民事审前准备程序改革纷繁芜杂的表象之下其本质都在关注当事人与法官在程序中的地位和相互关系。本文借鉴两大法系审前准备程序中当事人与法官权限分配的经验,在协同主义理论下分析功能实现中主体方面的制约因素,探讨审前准备程序中当事人与法官的权限的分配。     

In silico toxicity as a tool for harm reduction: A study of new psychoactive amphetamines and cathinones in the context of criminal science

The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has raised many issues in the context of law enforcement and public drug policies. In this scenario, interdisciplinary studies are crucial to the decision-making process in the field of criminal science. Unfortunately, information about how NPS affect people's health is lacking even though knowledge about the toxic potential of these substances is essential: the more information about these drugs, the greater the possibility of avoiding damage within the scope of a harm reduction policy. Traditional analytical methods may be inaccessible in the field of forensic science because they are relatively expensive and time-consuming. In this sense, less costly and faster in silico methodologies can be useful strategies. In this work, we submitted computer-calculated toxicity values of various amphetamines and cathinones to an unsupervised multivariate analysis, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and to the supervised techniques Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy and Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (SIMCA and PLS-DA) to evaluate how these two NPS groups behave. We studied how theoretical and experimental values are correlated by PLS regression. Although experimental data was available for a small amount of molecules, correlation values reproduced literature values. The in silico method efficiently provided information about the drugs. On the basis of our findings, the technical information presented here can be used in decision-making regarding harm reduction policies and help to fulfill the objectives of criminal science.     

环北部湾经济圈发展战略思考

在中国沿海地区,除了已经被人们公认的长江三角洲、珠江三角洲和环渤海三大经济圈之外,随着沿海地区经济的高速成长,尤其是中国—东盟自由贸易区的建设,正在形成第四大跨国、跨省区的经济圈即“环北部湾经济圈”。构建环北部湾经济圈对我国的地缘政治安全和区域经济均衡协调发展具有重要作用。     

在变革中发展深化的中国经济法学

中国经济法学在发展历程中,经历了经济法的表面繁荣到相对沉寂。从各种学说林立众说纷纭,到渐趋一致基本赞同经济法调整市场竞争关系和宏观调控关系;从单纯关注经济法基础理论到注重实用性研究;从以前苏联为蓝本创建体系到立足中国市场体制和中国实践提出新的学说理论。但是在演进过程中,仍然存在一些危及经济法发展的倾向,如务实变成了惟实,厌恶甚至否弃经济法基础理论的研究;盛行引经据典之风反而销蚀了独立思考的能力;不规范的学术批评损害了经济法学术共同体的建立;固执和偏见阻碍经济法学科的建设;被补充的智识、被援引的方法和被转换的视角与经济法学本体结合不紧,还没有真正彻底地经济法学化。经济法具有突出的国别性和本土化特性,因此经济法研究应立足本国,自主创新,中国的本土资源能够促成中国经济法(学)自主发展。     

The welfare courts: A socio-legal analysis of risk management through modern strict liability

The aim of the essay is to offer an adequate theoretical framework for a socio-legal analysis of risk management by the legal system. Law and risk are the two most important concepts to be clarified. Unlike the law, whose function consists in the temporal stabilisation of normative expectations, the perspective of risk is characterised by the possibility of changing the criteria for decisions based upon the evaluation of the consequences of those decisions. In the context of a modern society, characterised by an increasing demand for protection for people injured by new technologies, one observes certain difficulties in the attempt to adopt a risk perspective within the legal system. The result of this process is the new law of tort based upon the modern principles of strict liability. While strict liability can be shown to be effective in managing conflicts relating to technological accidents, its most negative effects are the increasing instability of legal structures and interference with the activities of other subsystems of society, such as medicine and the economy.     

“良性非均衡发展”与江苏“江海联动”开发

“江海联动”以江苏沿江、沿海为基本发展轴线,以“联动”发展为途径,以资源整合、产业互动、布局拓展为基本手段,在行政区联动、经济带联动、开发战略联动等方面,实现江苏区域经济的“良性非均衡”发展。     

重大疑难经济犯罪案件侦查方法初探

经济犯罪案件中的大要案件较多,而其中疑难案件又占有相当比例,这都与经济犯罪本身的特点有关。重大疑难经济案件的形成原因也有其自身特殊性,主要表现在:犯罪主体一般具有较高的知识、技能水平;作案智能性强、发案单位制度不严、管理混乱;关系网重重;被害者贪图暴利、有案不报;现场条件普遍较差;侦查工作某些方面的易失误性。侦破此类案件的基本方法有:注意取得有关上级领导的支持;坚持将赃款赃物的调查控制作为侦查工作的重点;注意搜集、利用间接证据;强化公秘结合、设计用谋;强化协作。     

论纯经济损失的侵权责任——从欧洲比较法展开

欧洲各国对纯经济损失的赔偿并不存在一个统一的方法,而是根据不同的侵权法规范模式分为不同的阵营.大部分国家所采用的纯经济损失不赔原则,并没有令人信服的理论依据为支撑,且其形成只是概念主义造就的一起历史事故,实践中必然产生不合理的结果.基于比较法以及法学方法论的考量,笔者主张在解决纯经济损失问题时,应摆脱抽象概念的桎梏,更多地借用"规定功能的法概念"、类型化以及法律经济学的研究方法.