论商主体的类型界定

世界上一些主要国家都将商主体分为商个人、商合伙与商法人三大类,我国也应将这三类商主体作为我国商事主体的基本分类在即将制定的商事通则中予以规定。本文在对国内外商主体立法例归纳的基础之上,提出了我国商主体的立法建议：商个人包括个体工商户、经过登记的农村承包经营户和个人独资企业;商合伙包括普通合伙企业和有限合伙企业;商法人包括有限责任公司和股份有限公司。合作社和农村集体经济组织不应纳入商主体范畴中。     

我国行政主体理论及其修正

研究行政主体可以实现行政目标为导向,亦可以确立行政诉讼被告为导向,这构成行政主体研究的两条路径。在《行政诉讼法》颁布前夕,我国学界即以确立行政诉讼被告为导向对行政主体展开研究。这种研究路径随着时代的变迁和行政法的不断发展而日益暴露其理论研究及实践应用的局限性,而我国法院通过行使其裁判权和司法解释权对这一局限性进行理性、有限地修正。     

论判决推理的基本构成

判决推理的重要问题不在于它的形式而在于如何建立它的大、小前提,也就是如何正确认定案件事实和准确地援用法律规定从而做出公正合理的判决。其基本构成包括二个方面：一是对案件事实的认定方面,不但要涉及案件事实的侦查活动,还要涉及如何运用证据、正确判定证据的可靠性和充分性的问题;二是对适用于具体案件法律规范的理解、选择与判断;三是判决结论的得出。     

云南跨境经济犯罪形势与对策

由于特殊的地理位置与区位优势,云南省成为中国面向东南亚重要的经济开放门户和与东盟交流、合作的纽带和桥梁。本文在研究云南省特殊的省情、地情的基础上,把握云南省边境地区出现的跨境经济犯罪的现状、规律和特点,对跨境经济犯罪的趋势和动向进行初步预判,提出有针对性的策略和措施,从而达到有效保护国内外投资者的合法权益,促进社会主义市场经济朝着健康有序的方向发展之目的。     

民法变通规定制定权的法源冲突及解决路径——以《民法典》相关规定阙如为切入点

为在民事法治建设中妥善处理各民族风俗习惯与国家民事法律的关系,我国《民法通则》《婚姻法》《继承法》《收养法》赋予了民族自治地方人大对民事法律规定进行变通的权力。已经正式实施的《民法典》并没有对此项权力予以明确规定,而我国《民法通则》等法律又因为我国《民法典》的实施而被废止。在此背景下,民族自治地方人大还能否对民法典的相关规定进行变通或者补充,是全面贯彻实施《民法典》必须解决的一个重要问题。由于我国《民法通则》等法律规定的变通规定制定权是授权立法而非职权立法,依据宪法及宪法相关法有关立法权限划分的规定,已无法解决我国《民法典》与《民法通则》等法律之间存在的新的一般规定与旧的特别规定的冲突问题。在民法典时代,民族自治地方人大能否对《民法典》的规定进行变通或补充,尚有待全国人大常委会作出裁决。     

How do fiscally decentralized federations fare in times of crisis? Insights from Switzerland

This article examines federal dynamics during times of crisis in fiscally decentralized federations using Switzerland as an example. Based on qualitative research, we analyse how the relationship between the federal government and the cantons evolved during the recent ‘Great Recession’ and ensuing financial crisis. We contend that fiscally decentralized structures, as well as the consensus-oriented institutions of the political system, protect the federal balance of power. Our results show that Switzerland indeed adapted well to the crisis of the 2009 economic recession. However, the deficit crisis has revealed challenging coordination problems, notably in the areas of fiscal equalization and corporate taxation, which have the potential to put federal stability under stress. So far, the system has adapted well and safeguarded the federal order. Due to its combination of fiscally decentralized institutions and a strong consensus culture, Switzerland has proven to be a particularly robust federation.     

A marriage of inconvenience: Miriam Makeba’s relationship with Stokely Carmichael and her music career in the United States

This article analyzes the career of famed South African singer, Miriam Makeba, in the United States. After finding success throughout much of the 1960s, Makeba’s career and public image shifted after her 1968 marriage to Stokely Carmichael, a noted Civil Rights activist and proponent of the Black Power movement. Once Makeba became associated with Carmichael and his reputation as an extremist, the American public, media, and music industry changed their approach to Makeba as an individual and as an artist throughout the late 1960s and 1970s. Ultimately, this union caused American audiences to turn on her and her music, and this essay explores how and why this shift occurred.     

Brexit,Development Aid,and the Commonwealth

Abstract

Development cooperation between the European Union (EU) and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group of states has provided a vehicle for the UK’s ongoing relationship with the majority of the Commonwealth, although this was widely overlooked in the run-up to the UK referendum and its aftermath. Membership of the EU has provided the UK with the opportunity to collectivise its obligations to ACP Commonwealth states and a framework for its development cooperation relations across the Global South. This has augmented British leadership in global development and the alignment of development policy and practice at the global, regional and national levels. This paper argues that withdrawal from the EU would be a lengthy and costly process that threatens to undermine the UK’s position in global development, current levels and sources of development funding and existing and nascent trade relations. While this will present particular challenges for ACP Commonwealth states, there may also be opportunities to propose and advocate for alternative frameworks. However, recent changes to the UK’s post-referendum political leadership does not augur well for those hoping for a roll back of pressures for liberalisation and associated reforms.     

技术、空间和权力——米歇尔·福柯的技术政治哲学

福柯作为20世纪最有影响的政治哲学家之一,在其权力-知识概念内自然不会放过对技术这一重要的现代性现象进行哲学的思考,并从微观政治学视角把技术看作是人操控自身的“自我技术”。在此基础上,他进一步从全景敞视主义出发就工厂、医院、学校等空间单元讨论了技术与权力的特定关系,其政治批判直接指向的是任何情景化的技术都是对人体的权力控制并由此造就了作为技术权力效应的“肉体-机器”这一“敌托邦”。沿此政治批判线索,其追随者和其他学者更是把全景敞视主义方法拓展到了对实验室、工业区域、互联网络和基因技术等的政治哲学分析,从“生物-权力”视角提出诸如“半机械人”、“半生物人”等概念,由此显现新兴技术对人体产生的权力控制效应。为了激发对这种技术控制的有效对抗,福柯试图复兴一种具有“生存美学”特征的地方性知识或技术,以摆脱占据统治地位的技术权力控制。     

论俄罗斯经济转轨过程中政府的有效性

在俄罗斯经济转轨过程中,普京执政以来转轨顺利,经济发展迅速.这是因为普京政府在转轨方式选择上符合俄罗斯的国情与传统,经济转轨战略规划上详尽明确,政府调控上有力而适度,法制建设方面适时且到位.同时,政府的权威使得各项措施执行有力,多元思想的统一为民众对于政府决策实施的支持提供了思想保证.所有这一切使得普京政府在俄经济转轨过程中发挥了更好的作用.