关于政府行为与地区经济发展的几点思考－－天津市危改工程和经济开发区建设的启示

地方政府,除了贯彻执行中央政府统一的宏观调控政策外,其根本目的是促进地区经济发展,满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化生活需要.因此,地区经济发展战略的制定,已成为地方政府非常重要的课题.天津市1994年始启动的"市区危陋平房改造工程"和1984年开始的"天津经济开发区建设",为探讨在经济体制转型中,地方政府如何在相互冲突的发展目标之间寻求适当的平衡点,促进经济增长,提高本地区的经济竞争力,提供了可资借鉴的范例.     

论官僚的经济人性质、危害及其治理——公共选择理论的官僚经济理论述评

公共选择理论在分析政治市场中官僚的行为动机时,引入了经济学中的"经济人"假设,并以此为基础,对官僚的经济人性质及其危害和治理进行了系统的剖析,从而形成了颇具特色的官僚经济理论.这一理论撕开了传统政治理论覆盖在政府官员身上的理想化面纱,触及了官僚关注自身利益的本质动机,有助于理性地认识政府机构及其工作人员.但是,公共选择理论用"追求个人利益最大化"的经济人倾向来解释官僚在政治过程中的一切行为,则存在明显的局限性.     

论商主体的类型界定

世界上一些主要国家都将商主体分为商个人、商合伙与商法人三大类,我国也应将这三类商主体作为我国商事主体的基本分类在即将制定的商事通则中予以规定。本文在对国内外商主体立法例归纳的基础之上,提出了我国商主体的立法建议：商个人包括个体工商户、经过登记的农村承包经营户和个人独资企业;商合伙包括普通合伙企业和有限合伙企业;商法人包括有限责任公司和股份有限公司。合作社和农村集体经济组织不应纳入商主体范畴中。     

我国行政主体理论及其修正

研究行政主体可以实现行政目标为导向,亦可以确立行政诉讼被告为导向,这构成行政主体研究的两条路径。在《行政诉讼法》颁布前夕,我国学界即以确立行政诉讼被告为导向对行政主体展开研究。这种研究路径随着时代的变迁和行政法的不断发展而日益暴露其理论研究及实践应用的局限性,而我国法院通过行使其裁判权和司法解释权对这一局限性进行理性、有限地修正。     

论判决推理的基本构成

判决推理的重要问题不在于它的形式而在于如何建立它的大、小前提,也就是如何正确认定案件事实和准确地援用法律规定从而做出公正合理的判决。其基本构成包括二个方面：一是对案件事实的认定方面,不但要涉及案件事实的侦查活动,还要涉及如何运用证据、正确判定证据的可靠性和充分性的问题;二是对适用于具体案件法律规范的理解、选择与判断;三是判决结论的得出。     

云南跨境经济犯罪形势与对策

由于特殊的地理位置与区位优势,云南省成为中国面向东南亚重要的经济开放门户和与东盟交流、合作的纽带和桥梁。本文在研究云南省特殊的省情、地情的基础上,把握云南省边境地区出现的跨境经济犯罪的现状、规律和特点,对跨境经济犯罪的趋势和动向进行初步预判,提出有针对性的策略和措施,从而达到有效保护国内外投资者的合法权益,促进社会主义市场经济朝着健康有序的方向发展之目的。     

民法变通规定制定权的法源冲突及解决路径——以《民法典》相关规定阙如为切入点

为在民事法治建设中妥善处理各民族风俗习惯与国家民事法律的关系,我国《民法通则》《婚姻法》《继承法》《收养法》赋予了民族自治地方人大对民事法律规定进行变通的权力。已经正式实施的《民法典》并没有对此项权力予以明确规定,而我国《民法通则》等法律又因为我国《民法典》的实施而被废止。在此背景下,民族自治地方人大还能否对民法典的相关规定进行变通或者补充,是全面贯彻实施《民法典》必须解决的一个重要问题。由于我国《民法通则》等法律规定的变通规定制定权是授权立法而非职权立法,依据宪法及宪法相关法有关立法权限划分的规定,已无法解决我国《民法典》与《民法通则》等法律之间存在的新的一般规定与旧的特别规定的冲突问题。在民法典时代,民族自治地方人大能否对《民法典》的规定进行变通或补充,尚有待全国人大常委会作出裁决。     

How do fiscally decentralized federations fare in times of crisis? Insights from Switzerland

This article examines federal dynamics during times of crisis in fiscally decentralized federations using Switzerland as an example. Based on qualitative research, we analyse how the relationship between the federal government and the cantons evolved during the recent ‘Great Recession’ and ensuing financial crisis. We contend that fiscally decentralized structures, as well as the consensus-oriented institutions of the political system, protect the federal balance of power. Our results show that Switzerland indeed adapted well to the crisis of the 2009 economic recession. However, the deficit crisis has revealed challenging coordination problems, notably in the areas of fiscal equalization and corporate taxation, which have the potential to put federal stability under stress. So far, the system has adapted well and safeguarded the federal order. Due to its combination of fiscally decentralized institutions and a strong consensus culture, Switzerland has proven to be a particularly robust federation.     

A marriage of inconvenience: Miriam Makeba’s relationship with Stokely Carmichael and her music career in the United States

This article analyzes the career of famed South African singer, Miriam Makeba, in the United States. After finding success throughout much of the 1960s, Makeba’s career and public image shifted after her 1968 marriage to Stokely Carmichael, a noted Civil Rights activist and proponent of the Black Power movement. Once Makeba became associated with Carmichael and his reputation as an extremist, the American public, media, and music industry changed their approach to Makeba as an individual and as an artist throughout the late 1960s and 1970s. Ultimately, this union caused American audiences to turn on her and her music, and this essay explores how and why this shift occurred.     

Brexit,Development Aid,and the Commonwealth

Abstract

Development cooperation between the European Union (EU) and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group of states has provided a vehicle for the UK’s ongoing relationship with the majority of the Commonwealth, although this was widely overlooked in the run-up to the UK referendum and its aftermath. Membership of the EU has provided the UK with the opportunity to collectivise its obligations to ACP Commonwealth states and a framework for its development cooperation relations across the Global South. This has augmented British leadership in global development and the alignment of development policy and practice at the global, regional and national levels. This paper argues that withdrawal from the EU would be a lengthy and costly process that threatens to undermine the UK’s position in global development, current levels and sources of development funding and existing and nascent trade relations. While this will present particular challenges for ACP Commonwealth states, there may also be opportunities to propose and advocate for alternative frameworks. However, recent changes to the UK’s post-referendum political leadership does not augur well for those hoping for a roll back of pressures for liberalisation and associated reforms.