掠夺性定价的经济学及法律分析——美国和欧盟的经验与趋势

掠夺性定价一般表现为企业为排挤、制约竞争对手或阻碍竞争对手进入市场而在相当长的一段时期内故意将价格设置于其成本之下。其目的是为将竞争对手逐出市场并随后设定高于竞争水平的价格,以收回前期降价的损失。《中华人民共和国反垄断法》以及其他相关的法律法规都包含了禁止掠夺性定价的规定。然而,对于掠夺性定价中的一些具体问题还没有相应的法制规章提供指引和解读,再加上此类案件法院判决的先例在中国现阶段还属少见,因此,本文将详细讲解近年来美国和欧盟的经济学家、反垄断机构以及法院对此类经典案件(如Wanadoo案等)的审理分析经验与趋势,以供借鉴。     

The effect of EU structural funds on regional growth: assessing the evidence from Greece, 1990–2005

This paper brings empirical evidence on the impact of EU structural policy on regional income growth. The case of Greece over the period 1990–2005 is taken as an example. This period is characterized by the acceleration of the European integration process, with a central role assigned to the EU structural support to less prosperous regions. Regional growth is approached through the estimation of β-convergence equations using panel methods of estimation. The empirical results reveal a positive impact of structural funds support on regional growth while income convergence is enhanced. In addition, a significant influence of spatial income and unemployment spillovers on regional income growth is evidenced, illustrating the recent growth performance in Greece. Our results leave ample room for European regional policy to operate for the promotion of growth and the reduction of regional disparities.

论国家机关、国有事业单位不能成立单位犯罪——以经济分析法学为视角

将国家机关、国有事业单位作为单位犯罪的主体会导致大大降低相关犯罪的刑罚成本,并不利于对此类犯罪的预防。根据以经济分析法学方法进行的分析,国家机关、国有事业单位均不宜成为单位犯罪的主体。     

我国货币流通速度研究

货币流通速度理论是货币理论的一个重要组成部分,它对货币政策的实践具有重要的指导意义。改革开放以来我国货币流通速度长期表现出有规律逐年递减的时序特征,总结导致这一现象出现的原因有经济货币化、金融不良债权的增加、金融资产单一、地下经济规模增加等。因此,应通过大力进行金融创新的活动、实行利率市场化、缩减超额准备金率激活闲置资金、对金融企业和机构进行改革等措施改变我国货币流通速度递减的趋势,并将其维持在合适的水平。     

利己利他双重人性论

从利益角度,人性可分为利己人性和利他人性,利己和利他是同一个人人性的两个方面。但利己性和利他性在现实中的行为表现随着历史条件和社会环境的变化而变化,取决于社会制度和各种环境。塑造以利己利他双重人性为基础的“道德经济人”是社会主义市场经济发展的必然要求。     

白领犯罪及防治策略研究

随着社会的进步与经济的发展,白领犯罪日益增多,极大地损害了我国的经济运行秩序,恶化了经济环境,造成了社会信用危机。针对白领犯罪,我国要根据犯罪形势发展,进一步完善立法,建立严密的防范体系,采取多种类、全方位的措施,从根本上减少和避免白领犯罪的发生。     

三十年来近代福建经济史研究述略

三十年来史学界围绕着近代福建经济诸方面课题展开了研究,取得了丰硕的研究成果,内容涉及近代福建农业、手工业、商业与对外贸易、工业、人口、移民、华侨投资、城市与腹地、土地制度、赋税、金融货币等诸多领域。本文对三十年来近代福建经济史的研究成果进行综述,并指出近代福建经济史的研究在广度、深度方面仍亟待拓展。     

从波兰尼到格兰诺维特:“社会人”对“经济人”假设的反拨与超越——兼议新经济社会学的最新进展

作为西方经济学理论体系的硬核,“经济人”假设从形成起就不断受到“社会人”假设的反拨与挑战,促使经济学理论体系不断调整自己的保护带,推动整个经济学学科理论的发展。波兰尼的“嵌入”理论对“经济人”假设的批判是颠覆性的。为后来的学者建构以“社会人”假设为基础的经济社会学理论做好了铺垫。格兰诺维特等建立的新经济社会学首先把人视为“社会人”,再考察其置身其内的社会关系和制度空间。进而分析其经济行为的激励因素,对传统的理性选择、效用驱动的经济模型所提出的那些理论进行补充解释甚至是替代解释。这种基于相同研究对象而引起的学科交流和对话已势在必行。     

经济增长的因素分析——基于中国的经验研究

实证分析表明,现阶段影响中国经济增长的各要素中,物质资本的贡献率仍然最大,而R&D投入、人力资本和外商直接投资对中国经济增长的贡献率相对较小.因此,努力提升人力资本、市场化改革等非物质资本对经济增长的贡献份额是下一阶段我国经济增长要竭力解决的难题.     

Institutions and Economic Performance: The Use and Abuse of Culture in New Institutional Economics

Important research programs within New Institutional Economics advance culturalist arguments to explain failures of economic development. Focusing on the work of Douglass C. North and Avner Greif, this article argues that such arguments rely on an essentialist conception of culture that is both historically inaccurate and analytically misleading. Greif’s work in particular rests on a selective use of empirical data that ultimately distorts the deductive models that are at the core of his work. As a result, both scholars use culture to account for outcomes that are more adequately explained as the product of social conflict and political struggles—struggles in which culture plays a far more contingent and destabilizing role than the one they attribute to it. What is needed, I argue, is to link arguments about the persistence of inefficient institutions with a sociologically informed conception of culture as an ensemble of resources that enhance rather than constrain the scope of individual agency. To come to terms with the effects of culture on institutional formation and change it is necessary to replace the essentialism articulated by North and Greif with a strategic-instrumentalist view in which culture is compatible with a wide spectrum of economic behaviors, individual actions, and thus institutional trajectories.