对盗窃注重数额认定的质疑

盗窃注重数额认定是对法律法规的限制性解释,会导致部分情节恶劣的盗窃未遂行为无法处罚。参照国外立法及其社会危害性,应取消对入室盗窃、携带凶器盗窃的数额限制。     

改革开放40年我国刑法立法的发展及其完善

改革开放40年间,我国刑法立法经历了国际化与本土化相结合的发展过程。世界刑法立法观念的趋同化和刑法立法制度的一体化是我国刑法立法发展的外部力量,而社会治安形势的变迁、法治建设整体水平的提高和国民权利意识的提升是促进我国刑法立法发展的内部因素。在改革与开放的内外因素作用下,我国刑法立法经历了起步、扩张和完善的不同阶段,实现了刑法立法理念由注重秩序价值走向秩序与自由价值并重,刑法立法模式由分散走向统一,刑法立法内容由单一走向综合,刑法立法技术由粗疏走向精细。未来我国刑法立法应当紧密结合改革开放全面深化的需要,坚持科学化和人道化的立法发展方向,不断推进刑法立法制度和措施的发展完善。     

Extended reality (XR) virtual practical and educational eGaming to provide effective immersive environments for learning and teaching in forensic science

Online virtual learning resources have been available for learning and teaching in forensic science for some years now, but the recent global COVID-19 related periods of irregular lockdown have necessitated the rapid development of these for teaching, learning and CPD activities. However, these resources do need to be carefully constructed and grounded in pedagogic theory to be effective. This article details eXtended Reality (XR) learning and teaching environments to facilitate effective online teaching and learning for forensic geoscientists. The first two case studies discussed in this article make use of Thinglink software to produce virtual learning and teaching XR resources through an internet system, which was delivered to undergraduate students in 2021. Case one details a range of XR virtual laboratory-based equipment resources, providing a consistent, reliable and asynchronous learning and teaching experience, whilst the second case study presents an XR virtual learning applied geophysics resource developed for a 12-week CPD training programme. This programme involves recorded equipment video resources, accompanying datasets and worksheets for users to work through. Both case studies were positively received by learners, but there were issues encountered by learners with poor internet connections or computer skills, or who do not engage well with online learning. A third case study showcases an XR educational forensic geoscience eGame that was developed to take the user through a cold case search investigation, from desktop study through to field reconnaissance and multi-staged site investigations. Pedagogic research was undertaken with user questionnaires and interviews, providing evidence that the eGame was an effective learning and teaching tool. eGame users highly rated the eGame and reported that they raised awareness and understanding of the use of geophysics equipment and best practice of forensic geoscience search phased investigations. These types of XR virtual learning digital resources, whilst costly to produce in terms of development time and staff resource, provide a complementary virtual learning experience to in-situ practical sessions, and allow learners to asynchronously familiarise themselves with equipment, environments and techniques resulting in more efficient use of in situ time. The XR resources also allow learners to reinforce learning post in-situ sessions. Finally, XR resources can provide a more inclusive and authentic experience for learners who cannot attend or complete work synchronously.     

商业秘密侵权诉讼中的举证责任

举证责任倒置是一般举证责任的例外,商业秘密侵权诉讼的特殊性及有关国外的证据立法经验等因素决定了我们在商业秘密诉讼中应实行举证责任倒置。为此,未来我国的商业秘密立法应注意从举证责任转移的条件等方面来把握。     

对立法保护军人权利的思考

当前形势下,加快军人权利保护的立法步伐具有十分重要的现实意义。解决影响军人权利保护的突出问题,必须与时俱进,树立正确的权利观,把贯彻物质利益原则作为基本遵循,不断健全和规范促进法规落实的有效机制。     

中国现代文学研究的三重使命

中国现代文学研究的使命远远没有终结,其社会使命主要在于充分发挥现代文学的历史认知功能与思想启蒙作用;学术使命主要在于回归文学本体,并尽力呈现历史的复杂性;教育使命主要在于关注中小学与高等院校的现代文学教育,及时把学术成果转化为教育成果。     

有组织犯罪的中观防控体系

有组织犯罪是当今国际社会公认的一种最高形态的犯罪,被联合国大会称为“世界三大犯罪灾难”之一。立足于推动和谐社会建设,对有组织犯罪的中观防控进行研究和探讨。重点研究具体的制度,即在立法、司法和国际合作方面,对防控有组织犯罪加以阐述,以期通过制度的剖析,建构防控有组织犯罪体系。特别针对有组织犯罪的特点,在国际合作方面,强调《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》为各国在打击跨国有组织犯罪中的国际合作提供法律基础和统一的法律原则。     

事实诠释方法的立法运用及其规则设置

事实诠释方法的立法运用,为立法提供了客观依据,也避免立法者陷入假想式立法的困境。从立法实践来看,我国立法者将事实区分为制度事实、社会事实和拟制事实,并采用事实诠释方法实现了三种事实的规范性转化。为了增进事实诠释方法的科学运用,我国应当建立事实诠释方法的立法运用规则,将规范可能性作为立法事实诠释的方法论基础,重视规范价值性在立法事实诠释方法运用中的法益保护功能,通过社会实证材料与事实诠释方法的结合式运用,推动立法的科学化。     

完善我国传染病疫情防控法律规制探讨

面对严峻的新冠肺炎疫情,依法科学有序防控至关重要。系统分析我国《传染病防治法》在本次疫情防控中暴露出来的一些短板和不足,从法律定位、压实地方政府责任、充实地方政府疫情应对应急处置措施、明确应当立即启动应急处置程序的特定情形、完善疫情防控的保障和监管机制等方面提出立法建议。     

The BT Kemi Scandal and the Establishment of the Environmental Crime Concept

This study analyses the significance of the 1977 BT Kemi scandal in Teckomatorp, Sweden for the establishment of the concept of 'environmental crime', first in the public debate and then later in legislation. The BT Kemi scandal is analysed as a 'focusing event' that placed the relationship between environmental pollution, responsibility, legislation and penal sanctions firmly on the political agenda. Several commissions of inquiry were established as a consequence, and in 1981 the Environmental Protection Act was revised and environmental crimes were included in the penal code. This tightening of the legislation had very little effect in practice, however, and this study examines why these legislative changes had so little practical impact. Attention is focused on the historical and societal contexts in which Swedish environmental legislation during the 1960s, as an explanation of why environmental crime has been and remains such a marginalized phenomenon. Shared mentalities in the area of environmental protection, which have evolved over time within public sector agencies and the private sector, coupled with an unequal emerged distribution of power and diffuse legislation, have obstructed the establishment of environmental crime. The BT Kemi scandal was a decisive factor in the coming of age of environmental offending, but it nonetheless takes time before a new form of crime becomes 'self-evident' and accepted as such in the wider society.