内地仲裁裁决在香港法院执行中的公共政策问题

公共政策是《纽约公约》框架下拒绝承认和执行外国仲裁裁决的传统抗辩事由,但由于其理论具有一定模糊性,导致实践中的不确定性。《安排》引入了公共政策机制,以调整内地与香港仲裁裁决的相互执行程序。在各国法院对公共政策进行严格解释的大趋势下,由于两地道德观念相通、国家主权相同,为了更有效地促进两地司法协助的开展,两地在相互承认与执行仲裁裁决中应取消公共政策机制的束缚。     

Compelled without direction: Compulsory voting and party system spreading

Much of the current literature on compulsory voting (CV) examines its effects by simulating complete turnout. We argue that these studies do not capture the full effects of CV, as there is something qualitatively different about compulsory voting rules as compared to only increasing turnout. Furthermore, CV and turnout have important, yet unexplored, interactive effects. To test this argument, we look at governments in 43 countries over the 1990–2006 period. Nine of these countries have some form of CV. We examine the effect of CV on the ideological position and range of governments, left party seat share, and the effective number of parties. We find that high turnout in the presence of CV laws spreads out the distribution of voters and leads to an increase in the effective number of parliamentary parties and a larger ideological range of governments. These results have important implications for how we study CV and its consequences for party strategy.     

警情含量与三分警务实战训练等级层次研究

基于对中国警务实战训练现状、普通警察与特殊警察不同、警察与军人区别等的分析,警务实战训练依据的警情含量可以分为初级、中级和高级三个不同的等级层次;同时训练等级层次的划分必然要求把量化警务实战训练硬件设施指标、进一步理清人与装备及其构成战斗力的关系这两大问题摆到应有的位置。     

公安机关执法公信力有关问题探析

在当前复杂的社会环境和执法环境下,公安机关执法公信力问题越来越受到人们的关注和重视。文章阐释了公安机关执法公信力的涵义,从外部影响因素和本体影响因素两个方面分析了公安机关执法公信力建设面临的挑战,进一步寻求其受到挑战的根源,提出了提高公安机关执法公信力的有效途径。     

醉驾入刑背景下警察执法权益的保障

伴随着醉驾入刑的实施,不少违法者为了逃避法律的制裁,使得警察执行公务受阻、受扰,甚而受到人身和名誉侵害的事件日渐增多,已经成为新时期影响警察执法、社会秩序的一大问题。可以说,有效保障醉驾入刑下的警察执法权益已成为维护国家法律尊严、树立警察执法权威、维护人民合法利益和调动警察积极性的有力举措。当前,醉驾入刑下警察执法权益的有效保障机制主要有:加强立法保护、设立维权专门机构、配备执法装备、加大宣传力度和提高警察防范能力。     

警察执法战斗战术创新研究

警察职业的特殊性决定了警察不仅担负治安管理职能,同时肩负着执法战斗任务。当前社会矛盾不断突出,反恐形势日益严峻,跨警种跨建制联合作战成为现代警察执法战斗的主流。不断加强警察战术研究,创新战术、战法来适应实战、服务实战,是提高警察执法战斗能力和战术水平的重要课题。     

试论我国环保警察制度的构建

环境保护是我国的一项基本国策,也是我国政治经济发展亟须解决的重中之重,环保警察是旨在控制环境污染,保护与改善环境、合理开发与利用自然资源而建立的人民警察队伍。文章从我国环境保护的现状入手,结合国内外环保警察队伍建设的经验做法,在分析环保警察职责、权力、作用的基础之上,提出建立我国环保警察队伍的具体构想,内容涵盖队伍建制、隶属关系、基本素质、工作范围等方面,以及可能产生的问题和对策。     

建立执法、司法机关法律监督信息共享机制研究

法律监督信息共享机制具有沟通、流转、预警、监控、处理、对比等六大功能，具有使人民检察院的法律监督职能得到全面切实的履行、促使依法行政和公正司法、贯彻“以法治国”方略的作用。建立法律监督信息共享机制既有必要性，又有可行性，是历史发展的必然。首先要构建好法律监督信息共享平台，其次要制定好进行有关法律监督工作的制度，再次要规范好检察机关的法律监督权。     

危机应对与财税法的有效发展

我国为应对经济危机所采行的大量财税政策成效甚为显著,但在财税的立法体制、权力行使、透明度、程序保障、法律意识和法治观念方面却存在突出问题,已直接影响财税法的有效发展,必须系统解决;危机应对与财税法的有效发展之间具有内在关联,尤其要求加强财税法领域的风险防控、信息披露、情事变更、财税调控等理论的研究,以更好地推进财税法治,促进经济与社会的良性运行和协调发展。     

Privacy,surveillance, and the proportionality principle: The need for a method of assessing privacy implications of technologies used for surveillance

Developments in technology have created the possibility for law enforcement authorities to use for surveillance purposes devices that are in the hands or private premises of individuals (e.g. smart phones, GPS devices, smart meters, etc.). The extent to which these devices interfere with an individual's private sphere might differ. In the European Union, surveillance measures are considered lawful if they have been issued in conformity with the legal rules and the proportionality principle. Taking a fundamental rights approach, this paper focuses on the information needed for adopting proportionate decisions when authorizing the use for surveillance of devices that are not built for surveillance purposes. Since existing methods of privacy assessment of technologies do not offer the required information, this paper suggests the need for a new method of assessing privacy implications of technologies and devices which combines an assessment of privacy aspects with the different dimensions of surveillance.