人民调解协议司法确认之定性分析

人民调解协议从性质上讲属于双方当事人为解决纠纷而订立的和解契约。《人民调解法》第33条所确定的司法确认制度本质上乃是人民法院依当事人双方的申请赋予人民调解协议以强制执行力之制度,司法确认程序属于非讼程序。《人民调解法》所规定的人民调解协议司法确认之路径是有违民事实体法和诉讼法理的。应当在立足于司法确认程序乃非讼程序之基础上,遵循人民法院审查人民调解协议所约定的内容是否适于强制执行之路径进行具体的程序设计。     

藏族习惯法司法适用的方式和程序研究——以四川省甘孜州地区的藏族习惯法为例

藏族习惯法是从藏族原始社会的习惯、禁忌、图腾崇拜及特定的宗教信仰发展衍生而来的一种行为规范,它是指藏民在日常生活中加以确认或制定,并通过部落组织赋予其强制力或法律效力,由藏区各部落强制保证实施并靠盟誓约定的方式调解部落内外关系的具有法律效力的社会规范。在四川省甘孜州地区,藏族习惯法在司法审判中仍然发挥其作用。我们应发挥其积极作用,限制其消极作用。     

当前行政执法监督面临的问题与对策

实施依法行政,规范行政执法,加强对行政执法的监督,在保护行政相对人的合法权益,提高行政效率,重塑政府形象等方面有着重要意义。我国虽然已初步建立了行政执法监督体系,但目前尚不能很好地发挥作用,其面临的主要问题是:人大的监督缺乏有效性,行政主体的内部监督作用有限,社会监督软弱无力,司法监督流于形式。对此,应采取强化人大监督,对内部行政监督制度进行改革,增强社会监督的作用,进一步发挥司法监督的效能等措施加以完善。     

卫生行政执法领域《行政强制法》实施涉及的若干问题探析

《行政强制法》的实施将推进行政领域的全面法治。对照该法的立法精神,从卫生行政执法领域入手,具体分析了卫生行政强制领域暴露出的问题,包括一些强制措施设定的合法性及配套程序的缺失、行政强制执行效率低下及行政执法主体法定资格等,在此基础上提出了相应建议。     

对执法为民几个问题的思考

公安机关和公安执法工作要真正做到执法为民,首要的是澄清认识问题。一是如何定位公安机关的角色?二是如何界定警察的权利和义务?三是如何行使警察权力?四是如何看待警务保障?只有澄清这些认识问题,才能使公安工作的每一个方面、每一个环节都真正体现人民的愿望、满足人民的需要、维护人民的利益,真正做到执法为民。     

DOES UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRATION INCREASE VIOLENT CRIME?*

Despite substantial public, political, and scholarly attention to the issue of immigration and crime, we know little about the criminological consequences of undocumented immigration. As a result, fundamental questions about whether undocumented immigration increases violent crime remain unanswered. In an attempt to address this gap, we combine newly developed estimates of the unauthorized population with multiple data sources to capture the criminal, socioeconomic, and demographic context of all 50 states and Washington, DC, from 1990 to 2014 to provide the first longitudinal analysis of the macro‐level relationship between undocumented immigration and violence. The results from fixed‐effects regression models reveal that undocumented immigration does not increase violence. Rather, the relationship between undocumented immigration and violent crime is generally negative, although not significant in all specifications. Using supplemental models of victimization data and instrumental variable methods, we find little evidence that these results are due to decreased reporting or selective migration to avoid crime. We consider the theoretical and policy implications of these findings against the backdrop of the dramatic increase in immigration enforcement in recent decades.     

智能化环境行政执法探析

适应"互联网+"大数据时代环境法治建设需要,我国智能化环境行政执法迅速发展起来,但是受资金、技术和管理等因素制约,智能化环境行政执法还存在一些问题,如智能化监控设备归属权及定位模糊、监测数据不准确、监控与执法脱节等。为解决这些问题,我国应进一步完善相关的法律法规体系,明确在线监测主体,加大资金及技术投入的规范化管理,完善智能化环境行政执法的公众参与机制,进而解决环境行政执法中企业污染物排放量监控及环境责任承担的问题,使智能化环境行政执法成为大数据时代执法的重要形式。     

China's campaign-style Internet finance governance: Causes,effects, and lessons learned for new information-based approaches to governance,

China's Internet companies and citizens are now world leaders in developing and using the Internet and related information technologies for financial transactions. Accordingly, it is important that China becomes a world leader in identifying challenges posed by Internet finance, and providing law and governance solutions to address these challenges. While the Internet and its associated technologies are now globally available, a core question is whether, and to what extent, regulatory challenges and opportunities are common across different jurisdictions, or whether they reflect local circumstances. In short, an interesting question is what can the world learn from China as it takes the lead in addressing Internet finance challenges, and what can China learn from the world as it seeks to do so?This article first identifies the landscape of China's burgeoning Internet finance market, including key technologies and services and government and nongovernment players. The article then turns to key regulatory challenges, with a focus on factors especially significant in China. The article then examines the “top down” “campaign style” approach to regulation, which is China government's initial response to emerging challenges. Following an analysis of the campaign, some suggestions are then made for future possible governance strategies. We explain how emerging “information” based and experiment-based approaches to governance are drawing on both global and Chinese experiences to harness the capabilities of the Internet and the collective energies of Internet finance enterprises and users to advance the regulation of the China Internet finance system in a way that is conducive to the public interest.     

德法行政合同制度之比较

行政合同作为一种有效的行政活动方式 ,在世界上的许多国家得到了越来越广泛的应用。通过对德、法两国在行政合同上识别标准、适用范围、权利义务配置、情势变更中的变更和解除、强制执行等一些重要问题进行对比分析 ,揭示了以上两个大陆法系国家在行政合同制度和理论中存在的一些共性和差异 ,并希望以此对行政合同理论研究提供一些国外法上的借鉴