Fatal Injuries of Law Enforcement/Correctional Officers Attacked with Sharp‐Edged Weapons,

According to the National Law Enforcement Memorial Fund, there were 117 law enforcement fatalities in the United States in 2015. Assaults with sharp‐edged weapons have resulted in a total of over 400 fatalities in the United States. The goal of the current research was to examine sharp‐edged weapon assaults against law enforcement and correctional agents that resulted in a fatal outcome. A total of twelve autopsy reports were reviewed from across the United States. Four cases involved law enforcement officers, seven involved correctional officers, and one was an off‐duty border officer. The male‐to‐female ratio was 11:1. A total of 70.2% of the wounds analyzed were stab wounds (n = 85), and 29.8% of the wounds were slash wounds (n = 36). Based on this review, the neck, shoulder, and chest regions were the most vulnerable to single fatal stab/slash wounds. Multiple stab/slash wounds often resulted in exsanguination. The use of body armor was only noted in one case.     

Post-Executive Order 13583: A Reexamination of Occupational Barriers in Federal Law Enforcement

This study examined occupational barriers in federal law enforcement between 2011 and 2015, replicating research conducted prior to the passage of Executive Order 13583 (2011 Executive Order No. 13583, 76 C.F.R. 52847 (2011). [Google Scholar]). Qualitative and quantitative data were generated from surveys collected from 101 sworn female federal law enforcement officers on the challenges they face in the work environment. With little progress to gender equity, findings revealed that male colleagues’ resistance to women in federal policing and the perceived lack of promotions has increased, while work–life balance policies and sexual discrimination continue to be a challenge. Policy implications for improving organizational practices are discussed.     

Human trafficking and police governance

Abstract

Human trafficking in its various forms continues to offer significant challenges for law enforcement agencies. There is a growing body of research that addresses some of the police governance and management issues associated with the prevention and control of human trafficking and the protection of victims of this type of crime. This article reviews the literature on the implementation of effective detection, investigation, prosecution, and victim protection strategies; the need for more effective international cooperation; and, the struggle to keep up with the illusive criminal organizations and networks that often defy law enforcement tactics. It also considers some of the specific challenges that result from the frequent conflation of human trafficking enforcement with immigration control strategies. It offers a few suggestions on how these issues may be addressed from a police governance standpoint and concludes with a call for better data on human trafficking and the relative effectiveness of different law enforcement strategies.     

Tribal law enforcement authority to enforce state laws

This paper summarizes the current status of the ability of tribal law enforcement officers to enforce state law in all states that have Indian country – defined in 18 U.S.C. § 1151 as any Indian reservation, dependent Indian communities, or Indian allotments – within their borders. It is important to understand the current status of those officers as their agencies look to improve public safety in their nations. First, for context, we provide a brief background on tribes and tribal law enforcement. Then, we present a summary of the legal jurisdictional challenges faced by tribal law enforcement. Finally, we analyze the current status of tribal law enforcement officers in each state and conclude with a summary and concluding remarks.     

智能化环境行政执法探析

适应"互联网+"大数据时代环境法治建设需要,我国智能化环境行政执法迅速发展起来,但是受资金、技术和管理等因素制约,智能化环境行政执法还存在一些问题,如智能化监控设备归属权及定位模糊、监测数据不准确、监控与执法脱节等。为解决这些问题,我国应进一步完善相关的法律法规体系,明确在线监测主体,加大资金及技术投入的规范化管理,完善智能化环境行政执法的公众参与机制,进而解决环境行政执法中企业污染物排放量监控及环境责任承担的问题,使智能化环境行政执法成为大数据时代执法的重要形式。     

DOES UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRATION INCREASE VIOLENT CRIME?*

Despite substantial public, political, and scholarly attention to the issue of immigration and crime, we know little about the criminological consequences of undocumented immigration. As a result, fundamental questions about whether undocumented immigration increases violent crime remain unanswered. In an attempt to address this gap, we combine newly developed estimates of the unauthorized population with multiple data sources to capture the criminal, socioeconomic, and demographic context of all 50 states and Washington, DC, from 1990 to 2014 to provide the first longitudinal analysis of the macro‐level relationship between undocumented immigration and violence. The results from fixed‐effects regression models reveal that undocumented immigration does not increase violence. Rather, the relationship between undocumented immigration and violent crime is generally negative, although not significant in all specifications. Using supplemental models of victimization data and instrumental variable methods, we find little evidence that these results are due to decreased reporting or selective migration to avoid crime. We consider the theoretical and policy implications of these findings against the backdrop of the dramatic increase in immigration enforcement in recent decades.     

德法行政合同制度之比较

行政合同作为一种有效的行政活动方式 ,在世界上的许多国家得到了越来越广泛的应用。通过对德、法两国在行政合同上识别标准、适用范围、权利义务配置、情势变更中的变更和解除、强制执行等一些重要问题进行对比分析 ,揭示了以上两个大陆法系国家在行政合同制度和理论中存在的一些共性和差异 ,并希望以此对行政合同理论研究提供一些国外法上的借鉴     

管制行业反垄断执法权配置分析——以管制度为视角

管制行业在不同程度上存在着反垄断执法问题,其执法权配置有多种模式可供选择,但从管制度的角度看,这一执法权配置应是从行业管制机构向反垄断专门执法机关逐步移转的过程,这也是大多数国家或地区立法与实践的发展趋向,因此,我国相关立法也应作相应完善.     

消防执法难点及对策探讨

目前,我国消防法规体系初步建成,为消防行政执法提供了可靠的依据,但在具体实施中依然存在执法力量不足和地方行政干预等问题。要加强消防执法工作,必须在立法机构的法制建设中纠正“重立法、轻执法”的指导思想,建立健全监督制约机制,规范消防行政执法。     

关于警察先行执行的理论构想

警察的先行执行就是警察机关为打击犯罪,在法院未对其打击行为作出判决和裁定之前,根据政策、法律、计划以及当前的形势而作出的一种执行行为。先行执行的准确适用可以节约大量的司法资源,产生良好的社会效应,但是需要一系列严格的程序进行规制。