边界政治:对中国政治发展的一种思考

政治发展的实质是政治系统必须根据社会发展需求的变化不断调整自身的结构与职能,以形成政治系统与社会各子系统之间协作发展的规范边界。边界政治是一种秩序政治、均衡政治和参与型政治。改革开放以来,中国政治的发展趋势已经凸显了边界政治的主要特点,具体体现为:秩序型政治的构建逐步走向完善;均衡政治意识进一步增强;政治参与由形式向实质过渡。     

谫论《德伯家的苔丝》之悲剧性

哈代的小说《德伯家的苔丝》描写了一个勤劳、善良、纯洁的姑娘苔丝一生悲惨的命运．她的悲剧性命运既是由外部原因造成的，如她生活的贫穷家庭、身边的两个男人等；也是由其内部原因造成的，如她自身的弱点、性格上的残缺等。     

试论当事人自行委托鉴定

本文通过对一个诉讼案例的简单介绍。就当事人自行委托鉴定形成的鉴定结论。所涉及的当事人是否有权自行委托鉴定、自行委托鉴定形成的鉴定结论的证据能力、证明力大小及鉴定人回避等有关问题。提出分析意见。     

软件交易拆封合同的一般性研究

拆封合同体现了知识产权法与合同法的双重争议,同时又涉及到了市场自由竞争以及消费者权益保护等重大问题。承认拆封合同的效力在更大程度上是一种宏观上的价值判断与利益取舍。使用拆封合同进行软件销售是计算机业合理的商业惯例,无害于自由竞争与消费者的根本利益,并且当事人的合意可以得到认定,因此应认可拆封合同的效力。软件的标价陈列应认定为拆封合同的要约,但以退还请求权的赋予为前提;按键点选以表示同意的行为应认定为拆封合同的承诺。     

关于提单仲裁条款效力若干问题的思考

在阐明提单的概念与功能的基础上,依据中国现行法律规定,较为深入地讨论了提单仲裁条款在托运人与承运人之间及其在提单受让人与承运人之间的不同效力,进而还讨论了并入提单的租约仲裁条款的效力问题。同时对最高人民法院于2 0 0 3年12月31日公布的《关于人民法院处理涉外仲裁及外国仲裁案件的若干规定(征求意见稿)》的有关内容提出了修改意见。     

Criterion Analysis and Content Validity for Standardized Behavioral Tests in a Detector-Dog Breeding Program

Many working-dog programs assess behavior during a dog's first year of life with the aim of predicting success in the field. However, decisions about which tests to administer are frequently made on the basis of tradition or intuition. This study reports results from a survey given to U.S.A.'s Transportation Security Administration (TSA) detection-dog handlers (N = 34). We categorized and summarized handlers’ responses regarding traits they felt were important for work. We used this criterion analysis to examine the content validity of the TSA's puppy tests. Results indicate that 13 of 15 traits that are currently being measured are relevant. However, several traits not currently measured were identified as being highly important, notably “play” and off-duty “calmness.” These results provide support that the TSA tests are measuring traits relevant to operational search team performance but also highlight other traits that may be profitable to assess in this and other detection-dog programs.     

论证人证言的认证标准

证人证言的认证标准与规则是当前我国审判实践中亟需加强研究的一个热点.本文提出证人证言的认证标准即合法性标准、真实性标准、关联性标准,并分别作了深入阐述,同时设计了相应的认证规则.文章指出,作为定案根据的证人证言必须同时满足以上三个标准,缺一不可.     

Expert Disagreement in Bitemark Casework*

Abstract: Bitemark cases continue to raise controversy due to the degree of expert disagreement which is frequently seen. Using a case mix of 49 bitemark cases from 2000 to 2007 each injury was independently assessed for its forensic significance using a previously described bitemark severity scale. Following the assessment, the mean value for the bites was categorized according to the crime type, the degree of expert agreement, and the judicial outcome. Results suggest that bitemarks found in child abuse cases have statistically significantly lower forensic value than those in other crime types, that bites where there is mutual agreement between experts will have higher forensic value than those where there is disagreement at trial, and that cases in which DNA has provided an exoneration will demonstrate similar quality to those where a conviction was secured. Forensic odontologists should carefully assess bitemark evidence and ensure that it meets certain minimums in relation to the presence of class and unique features before undertaking an analysis.     

生态环境保护的经济分析

外部不经济性是由厂商在生产和经营过程中所造成的对环境的损害和资源的破坏。这种不经济性未计入企业的生产成本 ,而被转移给了社会 ,即全体受害的社会成员承担了少数企业对生态环境的损害结果。随着经济的发展 ,负外部性正逐渐发展为巨大的威胁 ,这就要求政府必须进行积极的干预 ,控制外部性。从经济分析角度讲 ,法律在生态环境的保护中应当起一个降低成本、提高收益、促进资源使用效率的作用。现实生活中 ,解决外部性问题主要采取政府管制、惩罚性税收或补助、颁发经营许可证等办法。利用税收控制污染与其他管制相比 ,有很大的优越性     

行政行为效力判断之基准与规则

行政行为效力判断是对意定主义模式下行政行为产生的“相当于法律的效力”是否认可的问题。合法性只是效力判断的一个基准而非全部基准，是进行判断的重要条件而非充分条件。这一点决定了效力判断不可能是一个在合法性与效力之间进行简单比照的过程，而必须综合考虑行为与结果并存的二元化对象基准、主客观对立统一的要素基准以及法、理、情互补的逻辑基准，在此基础上恰当地运用瑕疵衡量、利害衡量、价值衡量等规则进行分析判断。