Lean models,complex realities: elite interactions in post-conflict democratisation at the local level

Abstract

This article argues that accounting for the complexity of interaction in post-conflict democracy promotion is important to understand how interactions influence post-conflict democratisation. Using the case of democracy promotion in Kosovo, the article uncovers two aspects in interaction processes where accounting for complexity is particularly useful: domestic goals and actor constellations. Taking into account the variety of domestic goals helps to understand how democratic reforms are subverted by domestic elites for the sake of their own domestic agenda. Disentangling the complexity of actor constellations demonstrates that interaction dynamics are shaped by the leverage and the number of international actors involved in the negotiation. The article draws on fine-grained local-level data from Kosovo to illustrate the argument.     

论犯罪知情测试相关项目的有效性

犯罪心理测试技术中的犯罪知情测试(GKT)法对测试条件有较高要求,主要是保障测试相关项目的有效性。实践中影响CKT测试相关项目有效性的因素有很多,测试人员应当认真分析案件材料,排除干扰因素的影响,选准有效相关项目,并做好测试中的校正与评估,确保测试结论的可靠性。     

有限责任公司股权转让初探--兼论《公司法》第35条之修正

赋予有限责任公司股东优先购买权、指定同等条件之受让人的权利,已足以维护股权转让中其他股东的利益,在此之外股东应享有充分的股权转让权.股权转让中,应明确区分股权转让合同效力与股权变动效力,并将二者予以区分控制.在控制股权变动效力的发生即足于实现正当目的时,没有必要否定股权转让合同的效力.     

对民事法律行为概念的质疑

<中华人民共和国民法通则>第54条关于民事法律行为概念的定位,给我国民事理论和实务带来混乱.基于对法律行为的内涵的正确认识,合法性不应是民事法律行为的必备要件,而只是评价已经实施的民事法律行为的法律后果的考量要素.民事法律行为是民事主体基于意思表示设立、变更和终止民事权利义务的行为.     

法律修辞说服理论的语用有效性分析

作为对司法过程中价值因素予以较多关注的法律修辞方法,其本身修辞论证过程就是一种建立在语用学转向基础之上的说服性实践论辩。因为无论微观修辞技巧还是宏观修辞论证,都是一种语用型式的表达,论辩中的语用有效性是修辞说服的主要理论依据。这体现在两个方面：一是通过对语境的分析和把握拓展着有效性概念的理解,使对案件的分析由静态关注转向动态研究;二是主体间性共识的达成,保证判决得出作为“好论证”而具有更强的可接受性。     

Passed,regulated, or applied? The different stages of emigrant enfranchisement in Latin America and the Caribbean

ABSTRACT

When are emigrants really enfranchised? Lengthy lags exist between some reforms that de jure introduced external voting and their application. In the blooming literature on emigrant enfranchisement, these lags remain unexplained. We argue that this hampers our understanding of enfranchisement processes as having different legal and political stages. With data on Latin American and Caribbean states since 1965 until the present, we investigate why some states in this region have delayed the regulation and application of external franchise while others have implemented it right after enactment. We propose hypotheses to understand these reforms as episodes marked by different contexts, engineered by different agent coalitions and embedded into larger processes of political change. In particular, we suggest that enfranchisement processes are composed of three stages: enactment, regulation, and first application. Our findings suggest that the process of adoption of external voting is shaped by the legal mechanism of enactment and the stability of political coalitions.     

哈贝马斯的法律“有效性”概念的四重意蕴

哈贝马斯的法律“有效性”概念具有四重意蕴：一是整合性意蕴,是对既有的法律有效性概念尤其是哈特和德沃金的法律有效性概念的总结和整合;二是超越性意蕴,哈特和德沃金将法律的事实有效性和规范有效性对立起来,而哈贝马斯的法律有效性概念则将这两个维度统一起来;三是反思性意蕴,他将现代法律理解为行动系统,是建制化和合法化的统一,揭示出现代法律的实质是“事实性和有效性之间的社会媒介”,法律之“应该”最终体现在法律之“是”上;四是批判性意蕴,哈贝马斯只是在“程序”这一维度上作出了自己贡献,现代法律的有效性应该是哈特的“形式”、德沃金的“内容”和哈贝马斯的“程序”这三者的融合。     

Who Receives Media Attention in South Korea: Analysing Internal and External Pluralism in the News Coverage of Policy Debates

The mass media in democracies plays an important role in portraying key policy debates and viewpoints, ultimately shaping how citizens and political actors understand policy problems. How diverse are the policy perspectives represented in the news? Research in comparative political communication typically points to two ways through which pluralism is maintained in the news coverage of policy debates—internally and externally. Using 1,341 Dong-A and 1,205 Hankyoreh Daily front-page newspaper stories published in Korea in the year 2008, this article examines the circumstances under which internal and external pluralism in the news is limited in a democratic media system. Specifically, the article argues that a unique newsgathering process relying heavily on government sources for policy-relevant information, as well as relatively weak and unstable ties between news outlets and political/social organizations significantly restrict the diversity of voices appearing in the news in Korea. Such attention patterns offer a partial explanation for rapidly declining trust in print newspapers among the Korean public, and raise concerns about whose views are actually reflected in public policy debates in the news.     

External and Internal Consistency of User Evaluations

User evaluations may be useful to improve the quality of public services if they are consistent with service characteristics (i.e., external consistency) and user satisfaction (i.e., internal consistency). This article analyses the internal and external consistency of user evaluations of water services in Nicaragua. Internal consistency is assessed through item-total correlations, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and factor analysis. External consistency is analyzed through ordered logit and regression models. Results show a considerable degree of internal consistency. However, user evaluations are only partially consistent with service performance as personal characteristics also influence individual perceptions of the overall service, water pressure, system reliability, and water quality.     

现行民事执行和解制度存在的问题及其应对

民事执行和解制度作为具有中国特色的一项司法制度,在实践中有着广泛的应用,但也存在一些问题,这主要表现在其性质、效力及救济等问题上的争议。在分析这些问题的基础上,提出一些相应的完善建议,以期更好地发挥执行和解制度的作用和价值。