对民事法律行为概念的质疑

<中华人民共和国民法通则>第54条关于民事法律行为概念的定位,给我国民事理论和实务带来混乱.基于对法律行为的内涵的正确认识,合法性不应是民事法律行为的必备要件,而只是评价已经实施的民事法律行为的法律后果的考量要素.民事法律行为是民事主体基于意思表示设立、变更和终止民事权利义务的行为.     

Beyond the “Narrow Data Base”: Another Convenience Sample for Experimental Research

The experimental approach has begun to permeate political science research, increasingly so in the last decade. Laboratory researchers face at least two challenges: determining who to study and how to lure them into the lab. Most experimental studies rely on student samples, yet skeptics often dismiss student samples for lack of external validity. In this article, we propose another convenience sample for laboratory research: campus staff. We report on a randomized experiment to investigate the characteristics of samples drawn from a general local population and from campus staff. We report that campus staff evidence significantly higher response rates, and we find few discernible differences between the two samples. We also investigate the second challenge facing researchers: how to lure subjects into the lab. We use evidence from three focus groups to identify ways of luring this alternative convenience sample into the lab. We analyze the impact of self-interest, social-utility, and neutral appeals on encouraging study participation, and we find that campus staff respond better to a no-nonsense approach compared to a hard-sell that promises potential policy benefits to the community or, and especially, to the self. We conclude that researchers should craft appeals with caution as they capitalize on this heretofore largely untapped reservoir for experimental research: campus employees.

中药外敷联合地塞米松甲状腺内注射治疗亚急性甲状腺炎40例

目的 观察中药外敷联合地塞米松甲状腺内注射治疗亚急性甲状腺炎（subacute thyroiditis,SAT）的临床疗效。方法 选取80例SAT患者,随机分为对照组（40例）和治疗组（40例）,对照组给予甲状腺局部注射地塞米松磷酸钠注射液治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用中药外敷,治疗周期均为4周,治疗前后检测患者红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)和甲状腺功能［血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3);血清游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4);促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)］,并进行疗效评价。结果 与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后FT3、FT4以及ESR水平均减少,TSH含量增多（P<0.05）;治疗组治疗前后FT3、FT4、TSH、ESR差值与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者临床疗效的分布比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,治疗组临床疗效优于对照组。结论 中药外敷联合地塞米松甲状腺内注射可提高SAT的临床疗效,减少复发率。     

复方大承气汤灌肠联合芒硝外敷治疗急性胰腺炎临床观察

目的 观察复方大承气汤联合芒硝外敷治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法 将107例急性胰腺炎患者随机分为观察组（54例）和对照组（53例）,对照组给予西医综合保守治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用复方大承气汤灌肠联合中药芒硝外敷,观察两组患者治疗前后炎症水平,血清淀粉酶（amylase, AMY）、电解质变化,胰腺影像学变化,临床症状消失时间和并发症情况。结果 与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后白细胞、中性粒细胞计数,C- 反应蛋白（C- reactive protein,CRP）、AMY水平均显著降低（P＜0.05）,K+、Na+、Cl-、Ca2+、HCO3-水平均显著升高（P＜0.05）;观察组患者白细胞、中性粒细胞计数,CRP、AMY水平降低程度和血清Ca2+、HCO3-水平升高程度均显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组患者胰腺肿胀、胰腺周围渗出程度均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组总并发症发生率为1.85%,明显低于对照组的15.09%（P＜0.05）;观察组患者腹痛、腹胀消失时间,肠鸣音恢复时间,恢复进食时间,住院时间均较对照组显著缩短（P＜0.05）。结论 在西医综合治疗的基础上联合中医药治疗,能够提高急性胰脉炎的治疗效果,同时减少并发症发生并缩短疗程。     

Emigrant external voting in Central-Eastern Europe after EU enlargement

The European Union's Eastern Enlargement of 2004–2007 triggered a large wave of migration. While the influence of Central-Eastern European (CEE) migrants on Western European politics has been studied, the impact of outward migration and political remittances “sent” by expatriates remain unexplored, despite the salience of democratic backsliding and populist politics in the region. We ask how external voting among migrants differs from electoral results in homelands over time, drawing on an original dataset gathering voting results among migrants from six CEE countries in fifteen Western European host countries. Using models estimated with Bayesian ordinary least squares regression, we test three hypotheses: two related to the disparity of diaspora votes from homeland party systems over time; and one to the ideological leanings of diasporas. We observe a growing discrepancy and note that diaspora votes follow the ideological fluctuations in the country of origin but distort it, with CEE migrants voting for more liberal and more economically right-wing parties than voters ‘at home’.