从ICE看缴获毒品检验的发展趋势

当今世界缴获毒品检验使用的技术发展迅速,为促进各国相关实验室间的技术交流,国际合作测试项目(ICE)已开展多次,本文通过对ICE缴获毒品组测试结果和总体评估报告进行分析,针对国际上缴获毒品检验常用技术方法及发展趋势进行分析,希望能为相关研究和实践提供一些参考和借鉴.     

组织出卖人体器官犯罪的认定与侦查

买卖人体器官是近年来人民群众反响强烈的严重刑事犯罪行为。为加大刑事打击力度,我国《刑法修正案（八）》新增了组织出卖人体器官罪。与其他组织型团伙犯罪不同,此类犯罪有其独有特点,给公安机关认定和侦查带来一定难度,必须选好切入点和突破口,并将侦查和取证结合起来,提高快侦快破和严打效率,切实维护人民群众生命健康安全。     

强行驱散阵法研究

依据群体性骚乱事件的实战经验和有关理论研究,群体性骚乱事件中警察强行驱散阵法应遵循两大原则:行宜紧密、列宜疏散;兵力宜密,装备宜齐。根据骚乱的性质、人数、环境、天气、地点等实际情况,提出了警察强行驱散的八大阵法,为充分发挥警察的最大战斗力,科学合理有效的处理群体性骚乱事件奠定坚实的基础。     

Current practices by forensic anthropologists in adult skeletal age estimation

When determining an age estimate from adult skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists face a series of methodological choices. These decisions, such as which skeletal region to evaluate, which methods to apply, what statistical information to use, and how to combine information from multiple methods, ultimately impacts the final reported age estimate. In this study, a questionnaire was administered to 145 forensic anthropologists, documenting current trends in adult age at death estimation procedures used throughout the field. Results indicate that the Suchey-Brooks pubic symphysis method (1990) remains the most highly favored aging technique, with cranial sutures and dental wear being the least preferred, regardless of experience. The majority of respondents stated that they vary their skeletal age estimate process case-by-case and ultimately present to officials both a narrow and broad possible age range. Overall, respondents displayed a very high degree of variation in how they generate their age estimates, and indicated that experience and expertise play a large role in skeletal age estimates.     

Auto Theft and Restrictive Deterrence

Although researchers have examined the attributes that make offenders more or less responsive to sanction threats, far less attention has centered on the manner in which responsiveness can lead to less detectible crime, or perhaps even more overall crime. Restrictive deterrence is the concept that explains this paradox. We explore it here using qualitative interviews with 35 active auto thieves. Findings suggest that auto thieves' restrictively deterrent decision-making strategies fell into three broad categories: discretionary target selection, normalcy illusions, and defiance. Discussion focuses on the data's conceptual implications for restrictive deterrence and offender decision-making.     

Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines VI: Evaluation of methods for comparison of amphetamine

Amphetamine samples were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the peak areas of 33 target compounds were transformed by applying various pretreatment techniques. The objective was to optimise the ability of a number of distance metrics to establish links between samples of amphetamine originating from the same batch (henceforth referred to as linked distances). Furthermore, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to evaluate the effects of various pretreatment methods on separation of amphetamine batches synthesised by the Leuckart reaction, reductive amination of benzyl methyl ketone, and the nitrostyrene route. The most efficient way to pretreat GC-MS data varied for the different distance metrics, although best results were obtained when data were normalised to the sum of peak areas, and either the fourth root or a logarithm was applied to the normalised data. When pretreating normalised data by fourth root transformation, Pearson correlation was the distance metric that was most successful at finding linked samples. Normalisation and the use of fourth root also represented the best method of pretreating data when employing PLS-DA to separate samples synthesised by different routes. To achieve a faster and more user-friendly procedure for evaluating chromatograms, experiments were performed in which the number of target compounds used to compare samples was reduced. The effect of each compound that was removed was studied by applying PLS-DA and by using Pearson correlation to calculate linked distances as well as unlinked distances (between samples from different batches of amphetamine). Considering both links between samples from the same batch and separation of samples synthesised by different routes, the best results were obtained with the data set comprising 26 compounds. Finally, it was found that the profiling method developed in this work was superior to an existing technique with respect to separating linked and unlinked distances.     

TW2、TW3法腕骨骨龄评价方法的诊断性试验

目的比较TW2法英国人标准、TW2法中国人南方标准和TW3法测定腕骨骨龄对特发性性早熟(IPP)女孩的诊断价值。方法女性IPP患儿55例;对照组83例。回顾性分析初诊左腕X线片,用TW2法、TW2CHC中国人南方标准和TW3法盲法分期,分别测得其腕骨骨龄及其百分位,并分为5个连续性的工作点,即:>P97、>P90、>P75、>P50和、≤P50。结果敏感度(Sen)和特异度(Spe)都比较高的有以下3个工作点:TW2CH“>P90”点,TW3“>P90”点,TW2“>P90”点。结论TW系统3种腕骨骨龄对于IPP女孩都有诊断价值,TW3法和TW2法中国人南方标准诊断价值比较高,TW2法英国人标准的诊断价值为中等。     

论刑法学案例教学方式的运用

法学教学中的案例法或案例研究在本质上均属于案例教学,判例教学方法在英美法系法学教育中则是一种以案例为中心,重在提高学生综合职业能力的一种教学方法。我国的法学教育采取的基本是学术教育的模式,案例教学涉及课堂教学和实习二个不同阶段。教学中,不同层次的人才培养目标意味着教学案例的不同选择,同时,在不同的教学方法中,案例的选择与处理方式也应有所不同。     

科学发展观视阈下中国梦的实现路径

实现民族独立、人民解放和实现国家富强、人民富裕是衡量中华民族伟大复兴中国梦实现的基本标志。由于特定时期历史主题和任务的不同,中华民族伟大复兴的实践呈现出阶段性和长期性特征;发展是现阶段中国梦实现的基础,当前中华民族伟大复兴的实践要在科学发展观指导下进行。中华民族复兴梦的实践应贯彻落实科学发展观,做好五个统筹工作,即统筹好城乡发展、区域发展、经济社会发展、人与自然和谐发展及统筹好国内发展和对外开放。     

情景模拟教学在公安教育中的运用

当前,在公安"大教育、大培训"的宏观格局下,突出强调公安实战应用能力已经不可动摇地成为公安教育、培训的核心内容和终极目标。公安情境模拟教学法对于实现这一核心内容和终极目标无疑具有独特的优势。公安情境模拟教学一般可分为办案情境、案卷演示情境、多媒体展示情境、表演体会情境。相对应有实战型教学情境在公安教学中的应用、实训型教学情境在公安教学中的应用、问题型教学情境在公安教学中的应用、合作学习型教学情境在公安教学中的应用以及练习型教学情境在公安教学中的应用。