Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions in different legal environments

The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of the legal and institutional environment on bidder firm returns around the announcement date of cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As). The database includes 469 M&As of European (221 cross-border and 248 domestic) listed firms, with target firms being worldwide public or private firms (40 countries), over the 2002–2006 period.Shareholders of acquiring firms place greater value on cross-border M&A announcements than on domestic ones. The stronger (weaker) the legal and institutional environment of the acquirer firm country in comparison with that of the target firm country, the more positive (negative) the effect on acquiring-firm shareholders’ valuation of M&As.     

猪巨细胞病毒SC株DNA聚合酶基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

为克隆出猪巨细胞病毒SC株DNA聚合酶(DPOL)基因并对其进行分析,根据GenBank中的DPOL基因序列(AF268040)设计了1对引物,用PCR法扩增出猪巨细胞病毒SC株DPOL基因,将其克隆到T载体,测序并进行生物信息学分析。测序结果表明,猪巨细胞病毒DPOL基因全长3 024bp,为一个完整ORF,共编码1 008个氨基酸;与参考毒株的核苷酸同源性为98%,系统进化树表明猪巨细胞病毒与人疱疹病毒6型和7型关系最近;运用生物信息学软件推导出该蛋白的基本性质,并预测出高级结构。成功地进行了猪巨细胞病毒SC株DPOL基因的克隆和生物信息学分析,为今后此基因生物学功能和猪巨细胞病毒复制机理的研究以及病毒系统分类工作提供了参考。     

新城疫病毒Mukteswar毒株反向遗传系统的建立

为了建立新城疫病毒(NDV)Mukteswar毒株的反向遗传操作系统,根据已测定的NDV Muk-teswar毒株的全基因组序列设计了5对引物,扩增出包含全基因组cDNA的5条片段,并按一定顺序依次克隆入pSL1180载体中,然后在cDNA 5′末端插入T7启动子序列,3′末端导入具有自我剪切功能的丁肝病毒核酶序列和T7转录终止信号,构建了能转录具有精确5′和3′末端全基因组cDNA的转录载体pNDVT7。将表达核蛋白、磷酸蛋白及转录大蛋白的辅助表达载体pCIneoNP、pCIneoP和pCIneoL与pNDVT7按一定比例混合共转染BRS-T7细胞,4 d后将细胞悬液接种9日龄SPF鸡胚,结果获得了高效价的重组病毒。表明本研究建立的反向遗传系统能高效、快速拯救重组新城疫病毒毒株。     

单核细胞增生李斯特菌野毒株prfA基因的克隆及其分子特征分析

利用PCR技术对单核细胞增生李斯特菌(LM)TA野毒株prfA基因进行扩增,将其克隆后测序,并对该分离株prfA基因及其编码蛋白进行分子特征和遗传变异分析。结果显示,TA株prfA基因全长为714bp,编码237个氨基酸。通过对推导的prfA蛋白氨基酸序列结构域分析发现,该蛋白从N端到C端分别包括1个β-环结构域(18～97aa)、1个α-螺旋构成的C区(110～136aa)、1个α-螺旋构成的D区(136～155aa)、1个由螺旋-转角-螺旋构成的HTH结构域(170～196aa)和1个由α-螺旋构成的亮氨酸拉链G区结构域(211～237aa)。通过对GenBank中登录的35株分离株prfA基因遗传变异分析发现,不同地域分离株的prfA基因在核苷酸水平以点突变为主;TA株第197位氨基酸由赖氨酸(Lys,K)突变为天冬氨酸(Asn,N)。     

Searching the Soil: Forensic Importance of Edaphic Fauna After the Removal of a Corpse

Abstract: Arthropods at different stages of development collected from human remains in an advanced stage of decomposition (following autopsy) and from the soil at the scene are reported. The corpse was found in a mixed deciduous forest of Biscay (northern Spain). Soil fauna was extracted by sieving the soil where the corpse lay and placing the remains in Berlese–Tullgren funnels. Necrophagous fauna on the human remains was dominated by the fly Piophilidae: Stearibia nigriceps (Meigen, 1826), mites Ascidae: Proctolaelaps epuraeae (Hirschmann, 1963), Laelapidae: Hypoaspis (Gaeolaelaps) aculeifer (Canestrini, 1884), and the beetle Cleridae: Necrobia rufipes (de Geer, 1775). We confirm the importance of edaphic fauna, especially if the deceased is discovered in natural environs. Related fauna may remain for days after corpse removal and reveal information related to the circumstances of death. The species Nitidulidae: Omosita depressa (Linnaeus, 1758), Acaridae: Sancassania berlesei (Michael, 1903), Ascidae: Zerconopsis remiger (Kramer, 1876) and P. epuraeae, Urodinychidae: Uroobovella pulchella (Berlese, 1904), and Macrochelidae: Glyptholaspis americana (Berlese, 1888) were recorded for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula.     

从G7到G20的历史性意义何在

从G7到G20这一发展进程,二者都确立了制度化的＂宏观经济政策合作＂这一经济全球化所要求的新机制,二者都处于联合国框架之外,反映着世界经济建立新秩序的要求。但是,如果说G7意味着对世界经济旧秩序的＂突破＂,G20则意味着世界经济新秩序的孕育与胚胎。     

Bruised Inside Out: The Adverse and Abusive Life Histories of Incarcerated Women as Pathways to PTSD and Illicit Drug Use

The majority of incarcerated women who suffer from diverse traumatic life histories including abusive home lives and intimate partner violence (IPV), develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and struggle with heavy illicit drug use. While many have offered examinations of these relationships, the current study is among the first to utilize an integrated feminist pathways and general strain theory (GST) approach to explain them. Using data from a stratified random sample of all incarcerated women in Oklahoma (N = 334), we explore the links between, adverse childhood experiences, including physical, sexual, emotional, and childhood neglect, IPV, PTSD, and heavy illicit drug use. Our findings indicate that the effects of IPV on heavy illicit drug use are mediated by PTSD symptoms suggesting that PTSD plays a significant role in the pathway to illicit drug use among Oklahoma women prisoners. Implications for the importance of utilizing an integrated feminist pathways and GST approach in future research are offered.     

Device and methods for the measurement of energy transfer in experiments involving thermal and electrical injuries of skin

This work is part of a larger investigation aiming at tracing differences between injuries caused by heat and electricity. Electrodes and heaters similar to the electrodes of an electric cattle baton are used to dissipate approximately 40 joules in 40 seconds in pig skin.Voltages in the range 40–60 volts (AC or DC) are applied via stainless steel electrodes and temperatures in the range 50–100 °C are applied via heaters made of copper wire. Heat transfer is controlled by electronically regulated heaters utilizing the temperature dependence of the heater wire itself as a thermometer.Transfer of electricity takes place from either commerical DC supply, from transformed voltage from the mains or from a sine voltage generator connected to a power amplifier. The energy transfer is in all cases measured by electronic integration of the dissipated power in time. The power supplied to the electrodes or the heaters is found by electronic multiplication of the applied voltage and current.Typical power vs. time curves are presented.     

VoIP G.723.1语音算法的优化与实现

提出一种VoIP G.723.1双速率语音算法汇编优化及其DSP实现方法。通过阐述G.723.1信源编码的实现过程,讨论纯C代码在DSP平台上运行速度慢的原因。对关键代码全汇编优化以及优化过程的同步调试,采用该方法的优化结果和预期优化结果基本符合。FIFO环形缓冲区可以实现实时语音播放和IP-Phone,PESQ测试结果表明系统满足VoIP语音的质量要求。     

G20 institutional transition and global tax governance

The G20 is in transition from a short-term crisis institution to long-term steering institution, adopting a new ‘G20 + established international organization’ governance approach. In this approach, the main role of the G20 is to set the agenda and build political consensus for global economic governance. The established international organization provides the technical support and facilitates proposal implementation, while the precondition for the G20 institutional transition is that the emerging economies need to participate on an equal footing with the advanced economies. The case of global tax governance is among the few success stories of the G20's institutional transition. Within the ‘G20 + OECD’ governance architecture, the G20 builds the political consensus that the profits should be taxed where they are performed, while the OECD proposes the technical Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Action Plan. In this way, the G20's political leadership and the OECD's technical advantage complement each other, making a giant leap in global tax governance.