福建汉族人群21个常染色体STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的调查福建汉族人群21个常染色体STR基因座多态性参数,评估GlobalFilerTM Express试剂盒的法医学应用价值。方法应用GlobalFilerTM Express试剂盒复合扩增检测741名福建汉族无关个体,计算21个常染色体STR基因座的群体遗传学参数。结果 21个常染色体STR基因座的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05),21个STR遗传标记均具有高度多态性,杂合度为0.589~0.914,个体识别率为0.754~0.992,多态信息含量为0.520~0.940,非父排除率为0.278~0.825。其中以SE33基因座多态性程度最高。结论 GlobalFilerTM Express试剂盒的21个STR基因座有较强的系统效能,该试剂盒可应用于福建汉族人群的法医学个体识别及亲权鉴定。     

GENERAL STRAIN,STREET YOUTH AND CRIME: A TEST OF AGNEW'S REVISED THEORY*

Using a sample of homeless street youth, this research examines how specific forms of strain–emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, homelessness and being a victim of robbery, violence or theft, relative deprivation, monetary dissatisfaction and unemployment–lead to crime and drug use. It also explores how strain is conditioned by deviant peers, deviant attitudes, external attributions, self‐esteem and self‐efficacy. The results reveal that all ten types of strain examined can lead to criminal behavior either as main effects or when interacting with conditioning variables. The results are discussed in light of general strain theory and suggestions are offered for future research on this topic.     

嗜肾型鸡传染性支气管炎W93株活疫苗的研究及其S1基因的克隆与序列测定

利用鸡胚分离法由发生肾病变型传染性支气管炎 (IB)的病鸡分离到嗜肾型传染性支气管炎病毒 (NIBV)W株 ;再通过SPF鸡胚连续传代 ,获得了NIBV疫苗毒株W93;继而借助RT PCR法扩增了其S1基因 ,并测定了S1基因的核苷酸序列 ,分析了与相关毒株间的同源性。结果显示 ,W93株在鸡胚中的病毒产量达 10 7.8EID50 /0 .1mL ,适用于所有日龄的雏鸡 ;W93S1基因的核苷酸序列与马萨诸塞型的M4 1株、H52 株和H12 0 株的同源性很高 ,分别为 96 .9%、96 .8%和 97.1%。表明 ,W93可作为制备IB弱毒疫苗的毒株     

产单核细胞李氏杆菌突变株的感染动力学研究

以BALB/c小鼠为实验动物模型,对actA基因和plcB基因双缺失的产单核细胞李氏杆菌(LM)yzuLM1-2菌株进行感染动力学研究。分别用减毒突变株yzuLM1-2和野生型菌株yzuLM4给BALB/c小鼠静脉注射或灌服,并对脏器中LM的分布动态进行测定。结果显示,在显著高于野生型菌株感染剂量的条件下注射或灌服接种后,减毒突变株组小鼠肝和脾中的LM数量迅速下降,被清除的速度显著快于野生型菌株组。溶血素(LLO)抗体的测定结果显示,减毒突变株菌能和野生型菌同样激发较高水平的抗体。小鼠免疫保护试验结果显示,减毒突变株免疫组对同种血清型LM的攻击具有较好的免疫保护力,可达100%。结果表明,yzuLM1-2突变株侵袭力下降,致病力降低,能激发较高水平的抗体产生,可以作为预防动物李氏杆菌病的候选疫苗菌株,并为用作运送外源保护性抗原的载体提供了材料。     

Ausgewählte Rechtsfragen zur Vertretungsbefugnis nächster Angehöriger nach dem SWRÄG 2006

Mit dem am 1. 7. 2007 in Kraft getretenen Sachwalterrechts-?nderungsgesetz (SWR?G) 2006 wurden die §§ 284b bis 284e in das ABGB eingefügt und damit die Vertretungsbefugnis n?chster Angeh?riger geschaffen. Der Beitrag er?rtert einige dogmatisch interessante, zugleich aber auch praxisrelevante Fragen, die dieses vollkommen neuartige Rechtsinstitut aufwirft.     

Wirksamkeit einer vor Inkrafttreten des MRG abgeschlossenen Wertsicherungsvereinbarung; Novation

Eine im Abschlusszeitpunkt wirksame Mietzins- und Wertsicherungsvereinbarung bleibt weiter wirksam. Dieser Weitergeltung alter zinsrechtlicher Bestimmungen steht § 16 Abs 9 MRG nicht entgegen. Eine in einem Hauptmietvertrag vor dem 1. 1. 1982 und somit vor Inkrafttreten des MRG geschlossene zul?ssige Wertsicherungsvereinbarung bleibt wirksam und ist nicht auf ein überschreiten der Angemessenheitsgrenze des § 16 Abs 1 MRG hin überprüfbar.     

Male Versus Female Substance Abuse Patterns Among Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders: Comparing Strain and Social Learning Variables

The present study explores gender differences in substance use among a juvenile correctional population. Hypotheses derived from general strain theory and differential association/social learning theory are evaluated in order to examine the relative importance of family transitions, family dysfunctions, victimization, and peer substance use. The data include information on approximately 5,000 incarcerated juveniles (89 percent males, 11 percent females). Comparisons across gender indicate similarity with respect to alcohol and marijuana, but earlier age of onset and greater current use among females for most other substances. Regression analyses reveal similarity across genders in the preeminence of peer substance use as a predictor, but mixed results with respect to the influence of family factors and victimization. Findings are consistent with the tenets of differential association/social learning theory on the whole, but also indicate potential differences in sources of strain for males and females with respect to age of onset of alcohol/marijuana use.     

论联合国安理会改革的发展及趋势

联合国安理会改革是冷战后受到世界各国关注的重大问题之一。一方面,随着会员国的增加,安理会代表性不足及效率性缺乏的状况,使改革的呼声不断;另一方面,不同国家和集团的利益各异,分歧巨大,使各种方案均很难得到广泛的认同。自20世纪90年代以来,虽然安理会改革在改革工作组、高级别名人小组和政府间谈判的努力下取得了一定进展,但仍无法解决以"四国联盟"为代表的"争常派"和以"团结谋共识"集团为代表的"阻常派"之间的矛盾,在核心问题上存在严重分歧。因此,为了消除这种分歧,今后只有通过不断对话与协商的方式来形成折中与妥协的方案,才能早日完成安理会的改革。     

Gender Differences in Strain,Negative Emotions,and Coping Behaviors: A General Strain Theory Approach

This paper empirically evaluates Broidy and Agnew’s propositions, in which they apply general strain theory to explain gender differences in crime and deviance, by analyzing data from a national survey of adult African Americans. First, African American women were more likely to report strains related to physical health, interpersonal relations, gender roles in the family, and less likely to mention work‐related, racial as well as job strain than African American men. Second, African American women were less likely than African American men to turn to deviant coping strategies when they experienced strain partly because their strains were more likely to generate self‐directed emotions, such as depression and anxiety, which in turn were less likely to lead to deviant coping behaviors than other‐directed, angry emotion. Finally, it was found that the self‐directed emotions were more likely to result in nondeviant, legitimate coping behaviors than other‐directed emotion, anger.