口蹄疫病毒基因组IRES和Poly(C)之间功能未知区一级和二级结构分析

用RT-PCR法,以口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)WH/99株牛舌水泡皮为材料,提取RNA及扩增目的cDNA,然后与pGEM-T Easy载体连接并转化JM109菌株,再经重组质粒电泳、PCR和EcoRⅠ酶切鉴定;用DNAstar软件比较功能未知区的序列差异,以RNAdraw软件分析它们的二级结构.结果表明,7株FMDV的功能未知区序列长度介于207-256个核苷酸;序列分析表明,WH/99与AsiaⅠ 63/72、A24/Cruzeiro、TWTY/97和TWCP/97的序列差异最大,预示此区段可能与病毒感染嗜性有关;二级结构分析表明,A24/Cruzeiro、Asia Ⅰ 63/72和TWCP/97均有5个结构域,WH/99和TWTY/97具有6个结构域.TWTY/97和TWCP/97二级结构的差异可能是TWTY/97功能未知区第20位插入的"C"所致,而O1K/66和O1Campos仅有3个结构域.2株猪O型FMDV功能未知区5′端存在着连续的核苷酸缺失现象,最多达52个,唯有3株牛O型FMDV(O1K/66、O1Campos和WH/99)在上述位置无任何缺失.     

Detection of saliva traces using test strips

The test strip Rapignost-Amylase (Behring) for the rapid determination of alpha-amylase in the urine is also suitable for the determination of salivary amylase in stains stored up to 6 weeks at room temperature. The stains are extracted with physiological saline (extraction time 30 min), then the application zone of the strip is wetted with the extract. Positive amylase-reaction is recognised as a reddish-violet colouration of the reaction zone. Biological stains with low amylase concentrations (urine semen, vaginal secretion, mucus) react amylase negative. The method is uncomplicated and can be completed within 30 min. The test strips are easily available and stable during storage. Therefore the determination of saliva with test strips should be preferred to the clinical methods if the storage times of the stain are not longer than 4-6 weeks. It is a suitable procedure to determine salivary stains for use in forensic biology.     

微生态制剂—XA1503菌粉的研制和应用

从5株不同的蜡状芽胞杆菌中筛选出XA1503菌株,并与市售“止痢灵”菌种DM423蜡状芽胞杆菌进行了毒性和安全性试验的比较,证明XA1503菌株是一株十分安全无害的菌。用XA1503菌株制成的菌粉,经实验室和临床试验结果表明,它是一种有效的微生态制剂,用于畜禽肠道疾病的预防和治疗,特别是仔猪、犊牛、羔羊、仔犬的腹泻、鸡白痢有明显效果。     

雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒弱毒株的培育及其特性研究

应用在鸭胚成纤维细胞上连续传代的方法 ,获得了由雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒强毒株(NGVEV CN株 )致弱的弱毒株 (CN4 0 株 )。该弱毒株TCID50 为 10 - 8.0 83,具有良好的安全性和稳定性 ,在易感 1日龄雏鹅连传 8代不返强。该弱毒具有良好的免疫原性 ,最小免疫剂量为 10 0 0 0TCID50 ,免疫后 3d产生部分免疫力 ,5d产生坚强免疫力。口服免疫效果最好 ,对雏鹅免疫期在30d以上。该弱毒株能够干扰强毒在雏鹅体内繁殖 ,进入鹅体后能够进行一定程度繁殖并排泄出体外 ,使同居雏鹅感染并获得一定程度免疫力。临床使用后可极显著降低雏鹅的死亡率。     

Can General Strain Theory Help Us Understand Violent Behaviors Among People with Mental Illnesses?

Recent work suggests that violence among people with mental illnesses is not simply due to the symptoms and comorbidities that define mental illness. We further this work by examining the extent to which strains or stressors explain the link between mental illness and violence. Specifically, we apply general strain theory (GST) to a longitudinal sample of adults with mental illnesses to investigate the lagged effects on violence of several strain measures, while controlling for mental illness symptoms, substance abuse, past violence, and other key variables. Parental drug abuse from childhood and stressful life events across the life course predict violence in adulthood. In a prospective model, relationship strain from an earlier time period significantly predicts changes in later self-reported violence. The results shed light on the ability of criminological frameworks to explain violence among people with mental illnesses.     

Wertsicherungsvereinbarung – Angemessenheitsprüfung bei Altverträgen

Eine im Geltungsbereich des MRG erfolgte einseitige gesetzliche Erh?hung des vor Inkrafttreten des MRG zul?ssig frei vereinbarten Hauptmietzinses ist nicht dem Fall gleichzuhalten, dass die Wertsicherungsvereinbarung auf den ursprünglich zul?ssig frei vereinbarten Hauptmietzins anzuwenden ist. Vielmehr liegt im Fall einer einseitigen gesetzlichen Erh?hung des Hauptmietzinses (hier aufgrund des Vorliegens des Tatbestandes des § 12 a Abs 3 MRG) eben keine auf ihre Angemessenheit nicht überprüfbare Vereinbarung in einem vor dem 1. 1. 1982 geschlossenen "Altvertrag" vor. Die "Kombination" dahin, dass der im Geltungsbereich des MRG gesetzlich erh?hte nunmehrige angemessene Hauptmietzins aufgrund der ursprünglichen Wertsicherungsvereinbarung unüberprüfbar erh?ht werden kann, also ein überschreiten der Angemessenheitsgrenze des § 16 Abs 1 MRG durch die Anwendung der alten Wertsicherungsvereinbarung nicht geltend gemacht werden kann, würde zu einem unbilligen Ergebnis führen.     

Zum Eintrittsrecht des homosexuellen Lebensgefährten in den Mietvertrag

Kürzlich hat der OGH das Eintrittsrecht des homosexuellen Lebensgef?hrten in den Mietvertrag unter Berufung auf die MRK-konform vorzunehmende Auslegung des § 14 Abs 3 MRG grunds?tzlich anerkannt. Der folgende Beitrag setzt sich n?her mit der aktuellen Entscheidung unter Berücksichtigung der Vorjudikatur und des neueren Schrifttums auseinander und bezieht dazu ausführlich Stellung.     

Informing regional taphonomy research using retrospective forensic anthropology cases in the Western Cape,South Africa

The post-mortem interval (PMI) is important in death investigations as it can assist in reconstructing the context of the case and the identification of the unknown individual. However, in some instances the PMI is challenging to estimate due to the absence of regional taphonomy standards. To conduct accurate and locally relevant forensic taphonomy research, investigators require insight into the regional hotspot recovery areas. Thus, forensic cases examined by the Forensic Anthropology Cape Town (FACT) in the Western Cape (WC) province of South Africa between 2006 and 2018 (n = 172 cases; n = 174 individuals) were retrospectively reviewed. In our study, a considerable number of individuals did not have the PMI estimations (31 %; 54/174) and the ability to estimate a PMI was significantly associated with skeletal completeness, unburnt remains, absence of clothing and the absence of entomological evidence (p < 0.05 for each). Significantly fewer cases had the PMI estimated after FACT was formalised in 2014 (p < 0.0001). One third of cases with PMI estimations were made with large open-ended ranges, making them less informative. Factors significantly associated with these broad PMI ranges were fragmented remains, absence of clothing and absence of entomological evidence (p < 0.05 for each). Most decedents (51 %; 87/174) were discovered in police precincts from high crime areas, yet a considerable number (47 %; 81/174) were also found in low crime and sparsely populated areas regularly used for recreational activities. Common sites of body discovery were vegetated areas (23 %; 40/174), followed by the roadside (15 %; 29/174), aquatic environments (11 %; 20/174) and farms (11 %; 19/174). Decedents were discovered exposed (35 %; 62/174), covered with items such as bedding or shrubs (14 %; 25/174) or buried (10 %; 17/174). Our data highlight gaps in forensic taphonomy studies and clearly informs what regional research is needed. Overall, our study demonstrates how forensic case information can inform regional forensic taphonomy studies to locate common areas and contexts for the discovery of decomposed bodies and encourages similar studies in other areas of the world.