论民族、种族和宗教犯罪的立法完善——从国际人权公约角度看

民族、种族和宗教相互之间具有紧密联系,且对一个国家的和谐与稳定关系重大。我国加入或即将加入的国际人权公约对民族、种族和宗教相关的犯罪行为已经作出了明确规定,我国有必要以国际人权公约的规定为参照检视我国刑法在民族、种族和宗教犯罪上的规定,作出与我国实际相符合、也与国际人权公约相一致的修正。修改现有相关犯罪的构成条件,增加我国刑法没有规定但危害严重的民族、种族和宗教犯罪。     

抚养的权利和抚养权

在我国目前缺失民法典、亲权和与离婚后抚养权有密切关系的监护制度体系建构的前提下,离婚后父母子女抚养关系法律问题有待进一步修正和立法.在广泛参考国外和港澳台地区在有亲权制度和监护制度框架下制定的离婚后抚养权的立法和制度模式的基础上,对我国婚姻法上抚养权概念的属种关系和层次关系、未直接抚养子女一方的抚养权利的法律地位、离婚后抚养权与直接抚养权的区别和关系等问题进行了探讨,以期通过立法修正和重新认识达到完善立法和司法、更好地保护离婚后父母和子女权益之作用.     

论《世界人权宣言》的思想基础和权利体系

《世界人权宣言》以自由和平等为其思想基础,构建了世界各国和人民努力实现的共同标准。它所设定的权利体系不仅包括公民权利和政治权利,而且还涉及到经济、社会和文化权利,为国际社会提供了一份详尽的人权保护清单,成为国际人权法的基本法律文书。     

论工会社会化维权——以大连开放先导区总工会维权为例

工会社会化维权是由工会的本质属性决定的,是工会维权的成功路径之一,体现出创造性与实用性的高度统一,是科学维权的基本形式。工会社会化维权要求工会必须彻底摆脱狭义的维权观,通过广泛联手相关的权力部门,在全社会共同营造关心弱势群体的强烈氛围,更好地维护他们的切身利益与合法权益,实现社会公平与正义,不断推进和谐社会的构建与发展。     

加深对工会“三维权”的认识

“主动维权、依法维权、科学维权”,是对新形势下工会组织履行维权职责基本经验的科学总结和概括。它鲜明地揭示了工会履行职责的态度和责任要求,界定了工会在现实条件下维权的根本途径和基本手段,指出了工会履行职责的科学态度和辨证方法。     

性骚扰侵权责任探究

性骚扰是指违背当事人的意愿,采用包括语言和动作在内的一切与性有关的挑逗、侵犯和侮辱等方式,造成他人生理、心理损害或精神紧张的行为。它侵害的是受害人的性尊严权,具有严重的危害性。对于这种侵权行为,受害人可依法主张侵权人承担侵权责任。性骚扰侵权责任的承担方式有：停止侵害;赔礼道歉;赔偿损失,包括物质损害赔偿、精神损害赔偿、惩罚性损害赔偿。     

Democratic and Revolutionary Traditions in Latin America

This article seeks to identify and explain the historical links between democracy and revolution in Latin America. It first defines and analyses 'democratic' and 'revolutionary' traditions in the continent. It notes the precocity of nineteenth-century Latin American liberalism which, stimulated by the independence struggles, carried implications for the subsequent onset of democracy in the twentieth century. It then presents a typology of five twentieth-century political permutations (social democracy, revolutionary populism, statist populism, socialist revolution, and authoritarian reaction), seeking to tease out the corresponding relationships between the two 'traditions'. It concludes ( inter alia ) that the current triumph of liberal democracy in Latin America, while in part attributable to historical precedent, is also significantly contingent, and dependent on the apparent exhaustion of the revolutionary tradition.     

CHILDREN,THE UNCRC,AND FAMILY LAW IN ENGLAND AND WALES

There is no doubt that, overall, there has been a great deal of activity in relation to children's rights under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) since it was ratified by the UK government in 1991. Of particular significance in the context of family law, however, are the provisions of Article 12, which have in many ways proved to be more problematic than other provisions, not least because, in the context of family law, children's participation rights are necessarily juxtaposed with the long‐standing and hitherto unchallenged rights of parents to make important decisions about family life. The reorganisation in 2001 of the family court welfare services in England and Wales with the creation of the Children and Family Courts Advisory and Support Service (CAFCASS), generated a new impetus for the consideration of children's participation rights and, at an organizational level, considerable progress has been made in embracing the provisions of the UNCRC. More problematic, however, is the acceptance of children's participation in making decisions about their futures by adults using and working in the family justice system. At the level of the courts, judicial attitudes are slow to change and in England, as court judgments often demonstrate, these are firmly rooted in a view of children as being incompetent in such issues; at the level of parents using the system, it is arguable that new discourses about the best interests of the child serve as a proxy for continuing discourses about parents’ rights that have become evident, most recently, in the context of an increasingly influential fathers’ rights lobby; and at the level of welfare practitioners, recent research also demonstrates that, although the rhetoric of children's rights is widely accepted, the willingness and ability to make these real in the context of family proceedings is, for a variety of reasons, less in evidence.     

议会行政监察专员制度的新发展

起源于瑞典的议会行政监察专员制度是对传统行政监督制度的重要补充和创新，具有独立公正、方便灵活、监督范围广和贴近民众等特点。自20世纪80年代以来，这一制度发生了令人瞩目的变化，成为世界宪法领域的重大进步之一。首先，它发展迅速、影响日增，在全球范围内广泛传播。其次，它在制度移植的过程中，与各国具体国情充分结合，通过本土化的改造，发展和丰富了制度类型。再次，在制度的功能上，突出了人权保护的内容。最后，制度设计得到进一步完善和优化，强化了独立性、便民性、主动性和公开性等特征。上述发展和变化的背后，体现了行政监督的普遍规律，值得我们参考和借鉴。     

在实践中创新“组织起来、切实维权”的工作载体

贯彻落实好“组织起来、切实维权”的工会工作方针，是实现新形势下工会目标任务的基本保证。“组织起来”是前提和基础，“切实维权”是目的。在工会组织比较健全完善的条件下，就要重点研究解决好“切实维权”的问题。我们在实践中提出的“维权办实事”主题活动就是一种结合实际贯彻落实“组织起来、切实维权”的有效工作载体。