人权概念的正当性何在?——康德伦理学对人权概念(以生命权为例)之奠基性意义

无论是人权概念的先验式还是经验式推定,它们所依赖的"人"这一概念都是近代以来的"自然人"———不凭借信仰和神性来支持生命意义的人。正是在一个韦伯所说的"脱魅"之后的世界中,康德论证了人本身的独立和绝对价值,从而为人权概念奠定了根基。以康德的论证来看待现代社会对生命权———死刑、堕胎和安乐死———的争论,或许能够获得新的理解。     

改变美国警察执法的三大案例

与罗马 -日耳曼法系相比 ,普通法系更注重程序公正。马菩诉俄亥俄州、米兰达诉亚利桑那州、泰瑞诉俄亥俄州是 1 960年代美国最高法院有关警察执法的三大案例 ,它们分别确立的排除规则、米兰达警告、滞留与搜拍的权限对美国警察执法产生了重大影响 ,促进了美国警察制度的改革 ,有力地保障了公民的人权。     

The Enjoyment of Rights and Freedoms: A New Conception of the 'Ambit' under Article 14 ECHR

Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights, as applied by the UK judiciary under the Human Rights Act 1998, is in danger of becoming as 'parasitic' as it is often described. Judges have inappropriately narrowed the scope of the 'ambit' of other Convention articles, and thus limited the number of claims to which Article 14 can apply, by defining it according to considerations more properly weighed in a justification analysis incorporating proportionality. The emerging approach departs from Strasbourg jurisprudence, and fails to give full effect to the language and intent of Article 14. This trend need not continue. This article begins the process of fashioning a new conception of the ambit of Convention articles: one that could change the fortunes of Article 14 cases in the UK, but that flows naturally from the precedents of the European Court of Human Rights, and gives effect to the spirit of the HRA.     

工会报道要唱响维护职工合法利益的主旋律

随着社会经济结构、职工队伍和劳动关系都变得越来越多样化和复杂化,工会的作用愈加凸显。作为工会组织的机关报——工人报必须跟上形势,唱响工会报道的主旋律,维护职工的合法利益。     

公安机关盘问、留置权的特性与运用

公安机关要切实做到合理、合法运用盘问、留置措施,关键要准确把握好特定性、限定性、广泛性、两重性、特殊性、规范性六个特性。     

Trusts for Religious Purposes and the Question of Public Benefit

It is a well‐established principle that no trust may be regarded as charitable in law unless carrying out its purposes will benefit the public. Trusts for religious purposes have traditionally been presumed by courts to be for the public benefit. However, the presumption of public benefit will be removed from the law in early 2008 when section 3(2) of the Charities Act 2006 comes into force. At that time, two questions are likely to attract interest. First, to what extent, and in what ways, has the application of a presumption of public benefit assisted courts up to now? Secondly, without the assistance of the presumption, how might courts go about ascertaining whether the public will benefit in future cases? The article takes up these two questions with respect to trusts for religious purposes.     

中美探视权法律制度比较

中美由于社会政治制度、民族传统和习俗的差异,两国的探视权制度在主体、强制执行、实现方式、中止等方面均存在异同。反映了各自不同的立法目的和价值取向。我国的探望权应当从“扩大探望权主体范围;规定探望权受阻可成为变更抚养关系的法定诉讼理由;确立精神损害赔偿制度;探望权纠纷案例为非讼事件,适用特别程序,不得上诉;适用拒不执行生效判决文书罪”等方面加以完善。     

刑事法反恐若干问题探析

反恐需要国际、国内多种形式、全方位的介入,但作为最严厉的法律手段,无疑刑事法应首当其冲。对于什么是“恐怖主义”、什么是“参加恐怖组织罪”、如何完善恐怖犯罪的罪名和刑罚、如何兼顾反恐与人权的保护和主权的维护等问题,皆值得我们进行深入、全面的研究。     

寻找构建和谐社会的"阿基米德支点"

社会主义和谐社会有着丰富的内涵,建立社会主义和谐社会需要在政治、经济、法律和社会等方面进行多方面的努力.尊重和保护人权是构建和谐社会的"阿基米德支点",对此,可从三个方面加以说明,即尊重和保障人权是构建和谐社会的基础,是构建和谐社会的重要主题,是构建和谐社会的基本价值取向.     

Gauging support for innovative farmland preservation techniques

Given growing concerns about the loss of farmland in the US, governmental and nonprofit groups are seeking innovative, cost-effective methods to preserve lands that will elicit additional landowner participation. This article describes four innovative farmland preservation techniques and derives implications for the policy process through interviews of key stakeholders: program administrators, lawmakers, and landowners. Experts on farmland preservation were also interviewed to ensure stakeholder perceptions substantively inform the policy process. Four techniques were selected for assessment from approximately 30 novel techniques. Reactions to these policy options reflect stakeholder perceptions of a baseline condition; the perceptions help evaluate which options are likely to survive the policy process and what attributes will lead to their acceptability because few of these techniques have yet become policy. Although the stakeholders may have more limited experience with the policy process, land preservation experts validated many of the results and the possibility of success in the “rough and tumble” of the policy process. Of the four investigated techniques rights of first refusal was the most favored, although respondents thought effective implementation would require careful targeting and a dedicated funding source. Experts agreed this technique was most likely to survive in the political arena. Agricultural conservation pension was also viewed favorably, though it was considered administratively difficult to implement. Several experts thought that, though inchoate, the pension plan could potentially be more cost effective than rights of first refusal. Land preservation tontines were perceived to be an interesting concept, but confusing, difficult to implement, and ill-defined. Term conservation easements were viewed unfavorably because they did not preserve land permanently.