4种香茶菜属植物微性状特征研究

目的 研究香茶菜及同属植物微性状鉴别特征。方法 采用500万像素电子摄像目镜,应用景深合成技术合成微性状鉴别图片,观察4种香茶菜属植物的新鲜及干燥叶片的微性状特征。结果 在叶尖突起程度、毛茸的长短与分布方面,4种香茶菜属植物叶片的微性状有明显不同：岐伞香茶菜和显脉香茶菜密被较长毛茸,叶尖极度突起或明显突起;香茶菜和大萼香茶菜稀被较短毛茸,毛茸多分布在叶脉、叶缘,叶尖微凹或突起。结论 微性状鉴别方法简便,可以区别香茶菜属不同植物。     

Gender Mainstreaming Strategies in the E.U.: Delivering on an Agenda?

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of anew policy style within the E.U., characterized by voluntary policy transfer between member states and soft policy instruments including exchange of best practice, targets, benchmarking and national league tables. This article examines how these methods have been used by gender mainstreaming advocates and evaluates the impact of this strategy to-date upon E.U. policy-making procedures and outputs. It is argued that mainstreaming has provided new opportunities for feminists to influence the E.U. policy agenda, but that the impact of mainstreaming varies between sectors and member states. The concluding section considers the implications of E.U. mainstreaming from the perspective of the European Women's Lobby(E.W.L.). This discussion highlights the potential opportunities and risks for feminists of mainstreaming. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Hitler's Shadow: Historical Analogies and the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait

Leaders often turn to history for guidance. Margaret Thatcher and George Bush were no exception when they responded to Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait. Bush and Thatcher used analogies to the 1930s, the Vietnam War and the Falklands War to frame the crisis, which significantly influenced their policies. They argued that Saddam Hussein was another Adolf Hitler and were determined not to repeat the mistakes of the Western response to the Axis in the 1930s or of the Vietnam War. There would be no 1930s-style appeasement of Iraq, and no slow escalation as had occurred in Vietnam. The prompt use of overwhelming force in the Gulf would succeed, Bush and Thatcher believed, just as the use of force had succeeded in the Falklands crisis, and just as such a policy, they believed, would have deterred the Axis in the early 1930s.     

尊崇与反叛——试析乔治·爱略特宗教观和道德观的双重性

乔治·爱略特的作品以强烈的宗教意识和道德感著称。她宣布放弃基督教,并在作品中反映出对基督教的怀疑态度,同时却自认为不是无神论者,不反对基督教中的合理成份。爱略特独特的人道主义宗教观便是她宗教上的双重态度的产物。在道德方面,爱略特不论在小说中还是个人生活中都表现出对传统道德规范的蔑视与反叛,但同时她又常常颂扬并在行动上顺从传统道德准则。     

Why is the European Left Losing Elections?The Political Quarterly Annual Lecture

The argument of this lecture speaks directly to the history of The Political Quarterly and the London School of Economics. It is that the European left is losing elections on an unprecedented scale because it has lost control of the political agenda to a newly flexible right; but it is also losing key arguments about how to nurture human values in today's connected and competitive global village because it has not responded to changes in economy and society; and that to turn things round it needs to address both its deficit in ideas and organisation.     

Soviet conspiracy theories and political culture in Ukraine: Understanding Viktor Yanukovych and the Party of Regions

Conspiracy theories in Ukraine draw on inherited Soviet political culture and political technology imported from Russia where such ideas had gained ascendancy under President Vladimir Putin. Eastern Ukrainian and Russian elites believed that the US was behind the 2000 Serbian Bulldozer, 2003 Georgian Rose and 2004 Orange democratic revolutions. The Kuchmagate crisis, impending succession crisis, 2004 presidential elections and Orange Revolution – all of which took up most of Leonid Kuchma’s second term in office – were the first significant domestic threats to Ukraine’s new, post-communist ruling elites and in response Ukraine’s elites revived Soviet style theories of conspiracies and ideological tirades against the US and Ukrainian nationalism. Opposition candidate Viktor Yushchenko became the focal point against which the conspiracies and tirades were launched because his support base lay in ‘nationalist’ Western Ukraine and he has a Ukrainian-American spouse. The revival of Soviet style conspiracy theories has become important since Viktor Yanukovyc’s election as Ukrainian president in 2010 because this political culture permeates his administration, government and Party of Regions determining their worldview and influencing their domestic and foreign policies.     

Anwendbarkeit von Bestimmungen des MRG bzw WGG

§ 20 Abs 1 WGG idF des 2. W?G stellt klar, welche Normen des WGG welche Bestimmungen des MRG in Geb?uden, die durch eine gemeinnützige Bauvereinigung errichtet worden sind, verdr?ngen. Für bis zum 28. 2. 1991 verwirklichte Sachverhalte ist danach noch altes Recht anzuwenden, für danach verwirklichte ohne Rücksicht auf den Zeitpunkt des Vertragsabschlusses das neue Recht des § 20 WGG. Die WRN 1999 dehnte den Anwendungsbereich des WGG auch auf Geb?ude aus, die von einer gemeinnützigen Bauvereinigung in gro?em Umfang saniert wurden. Für in solchen Geb?uden aufrechte Mietverh?ltnisse, die dem MRG unterliegen, hat ein automatisches Einpendeln in die Bestimmungen des WGG nicht stattgefunden, dieses setzt vielmehr das Vorliegen der Voraussetzungen des § 20a WGG voraus.     

'Neither man nor woman'? Female Transvestism,Object Relations and Mourning in George Moore's 'Albert Nobbs'

Heilmann offers a psychoanalytic reading of Moore's narrative of cross-gender impersonation 'Albert Nobbs'. First published in A Story-Teller's Holiday (1918) and later transferred to Celibate Lives (1927), the story features a woman who passes herself off as a man, until a chance meeting with another male impersonator happily equipped with a wife galvanizes her desire for a companion. Her inability to reveal the secret of her body to her prospective bride, however, coupled with the marked absence of any expression of sexual passion, leads to the break-up of the relationship, and Albert dies, a loner hoarding money in order to sublimate her thwarted longing for love. In this text the no (wo)man's land of cross-gender masquerade operates as a psychological marker of Albert's social (hence internal) lack of identity. An illegitimate child brought up by a nurse, she never knew her parents, whose absent presence was embodied by an allowance discontinued after their death. Drawing on Kleinian object-relations theory, Heilmann argues that Albert's (mis)performance of 'manhood' constitutes a subliminal quest for her missing parents, a desire always frustrated and ultimately displaced into the hard currency of material commodities. If Moore's story represents the female tranvestite as a castrated, sexless and depressed 'perhapser', an 'outcast from both sexes', fatherless and yet forever locked into a male-authored, patronymic text, Simone Benmussa, who in 1977 adapted the story for the stage ( The Singular Life of Albert Nobbs ), offers a more subversive reading of the female cross-dresser as a 'figure that disrupts' (Marjorie Garber) cultural categories and binary oppositions. The article ends with a consideration of Benmussa's revisionary strategies.     

The “L-Word,” or Turning Fifty

This meditative essay by a writer and professor reflects on the milestone of reaching 50 years of age. The author relates his own experiences and those of his elder literary friends and colleagues who have felt comparable anxieties and coped with similar challenges toward aging and death. He records their own milestones on life’s journey as well as their insightful and often quite hopeful, if not always cheery, responses. Several of them, like the author, admit that turning 50 has entailed for them a coming to terms with the impossibility of realizing some immortality projects.