《达洛卫夫人》中赛普蒂默斯的存在主义英雄形象

在《达洛卫夫人》中，伍尔夫借助赛普蒂默斯的视角，前瞻性地揭示了世界的荒诞、人的存在与本质等后来的存在主义作家关注的问题。赛普蒂默斯以他对荒诞的清醒认识和对荒诞的大无畏反抗，维护了自己心灵的纯洁，实现了自己存在的价值；与此同时，他还勇敢地承担起作为社会的一员所应有的责任，毅然选择自杀以震撼和警醒世人麻木不仁的心灵，使自己的精神通过达洛卫夫人等人得以传递和延续。他的死使他成为一位勇于创造生命本质、敢于承担责任的存在主义英雄。     

“The most patient of animals,next to the ass:” Jan Smuts,Howard University,and African American Leadership, 1930

Former South African Prime Minister Jan Smuts’s 1930 European and North American tour included a series of interactions with diasporic African and African American activists and intelligentsia. Among Smuts’s many remarks stands a particular speech he delivered in New York City, when he called Africans “the most patient of all animals, next to the ass.” Naturally, this and other comments touched off a firestorm of controversy surrounding Smuts, his visit, and segregationist South Africa’s laws. Utilizing news coverage, correspondence, and recollections of the trip, this article uses his visit as a lens into both African American relations with Africa and white American foundation work toward the continent and, especially, South Africa. It argues that the 1930 visit represents an early example of black internationalism and solidarity, reflecting a shift from sociocultural connections between Africa and the diaspora to creating political movements on behalf of African people. To contextualize this visit, we assess events surrounding a meeting that the Phelps-Stokes Fund organized for Smuts at Howard University, using this as a lens into the two disparate, yet interlocked, communities.     

British Muslim Political Participation: After Bradford

In this article I argue that there is a significant generational shift within British Pakistani communities in relation to political participation and civic engagement. Using George Galloway's March 2012 by‐election victory in Bradford West and an analysis of primary empirical research conducted amongst British Pakistani communities between 2005–2007, and, 2011, I argue that kinship‐based bloc voting—a feature of British Pakistani political engagement in UK politics—is being challenged. A younger generation of British Pakistanis want politicians to engage with them as individuals rather than politicians assuming their votes through co‐opting Pakistani community elders in a system of patronage politics, an arrangement which has been in place since mass immigration from the subcontinent in the 1950s and 60s.     

Wertsicherungsvereinbarung – Angemessenheitsprüfung bei Altverträgen

Eine im Geltungsbereich des MRG erfolgte einseitige gesetzliche Erh?hung des vor Inkrafttreten des MRG zul?ssig frei vereinbarten Hauptmietzinses ist nicht dem Fall gleichzuhalten, dass die Wertsicherungsvereinbarung auf den ursprünglich zul?ssig frei vereinbarten Hauptmietzins anzuwenden ist. Vielmehr liegt im Fall einer einseitigen gesetzlichen Erh?hung des Hauptmietzinses (hier aufgrund des Vorliegens des Tatbestandes des § 12 a Abs 3 MRG) eben keine auf ihre Angemessenheit nicht überprüfbare Vereinbarung in einem vor dem 1. 1. 1982 geschlossenen "Altvertrag" vor. Die "Kombination" dahin, dass der im Geltungsbereich des MRG gesetzlich erh?hte nunmehrige angemessene Hauptmietzins aufgrund der ursprünglichen Wertsicherungsvereinbarung unüberprüfbar erh?ht werden kann, also ein überschreiten der Angemessenheitsgrenze des § 16 Abs 1 MRG durch die Anwendung der alten Wertsicherungsvereinbarung nicht geltend gemacht werden kann, würde zu einem unbilligen Ergebnis führen.     

Theoretically refining the multiple streams framework: An introduction

This introduction to the forum section on the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) developed by John W. Kingdon argues that the conditions under which policy making takes place today increasingly resemble the assumptions upon which Kingdon built his lens. At the same time, while the framework is extremely successful with regard to citations and has been applied in various contexts that often differ remarkably from those for which the framework was originally developed, a systematic theoretical debate about the Multiple Streams Framework is still lacking. It is the intention to spark such a debate with this forum section.     

Streams and stages: Reconciling Kingdon and policy process theory

Use of metaphors is a staple feature of how we understand policy processes – none more so than the use of ‘policy stages’/'cycles’ and ‘multiple streams’. Yet even allowing for the necessary parsimony of metaphors, the former is often criticised for its lack of ‘real world’ engagement with agency, power, ideology, turbulence and complexity, while the latter focuses only on agenda‐setting but at times has been utilised, with limited results, to understand later stages of the policy process. This article seeks to explore and advance the opportunities for combining both and applying them to the policy‐formation and decision‐making stages of policy making. In doing so it examines possible three, four and five stream models. It argues that a five stream confluence model provides the highest analytical value because it retains the simplicity of metaphors (combining elements of two of the most prominent models in policy studies) while also helping capture some of the more complex and subtle aspects of policy processes, including policy styles and nested systems of governance.     

The “war on cops,” retaliatory violence,and the murder of George Floyd*

The police murder of George Floyd sparked nationwide protests in the summer of 2020 and revived claims that public outcry over such high-profile police killings perpetuated a violent “war on cops.” Using data collected by the Gun Violence Archive (GVA) on firearm assaults of U.S. police officers, we use Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) modeling to empirically assess if and how patterns of firearm assault on police officers in the United States were influenced by the police murder of George Floyd. Our analysis finds that the murder of George Floyd was associated with a 3-week spike in firearm assaults on police, after which the trend in firearms assaults dropped to levels only slightly above that which were predicted by pre-Floyd data. We discuss potential explanations for these findings and consider their relevance to the contemporary discussion of a “war on cops,” violence, and officer safety.     

艾略特小说的希腊悲剧式结构

乔治·艾略特是英国19世纪著名的批判现实主义女作家。她的小说主要描写英国中部的乡村生活,书中的人物及其命运浮沉成为转型期英国社会的一个缩影。1860年出版的长篇小说《弗洛斯河上的磨房》,被公认为是一部自传体性质的小说,是艾略特的代表作;1872年发表的《米德尔马契》则被认为是她创作生涯的巅峰之作。两部小说采用了希腊悲剧式的结构,分别讲述了三位主人公悲剧性的人生境遇,生动再现并深刻批判了19世纪英国乡村的社会现实,两部作品堪称形式与内容的完美结合。     

W/O型黄芩苷纳米乳的制备及质量评价

目的 制备W/O型黄芩苷纳米乳并对其质量进行评价。方法 通过优化处方工艺制得W/O型黄芩苷纳米乳,并对其外观、粒径、载药量及稳定性进行考察,采用高效液相色谱法测定纳米乳中黄芩苷的含量,检测波长为280 nm。结果 W/O型黄芩苷纳米乳为均一透明的液体,平均粒径为（63.40±1.10）nm,载药量为9.5 mg/mL。黄芩苷在12.40～310.00 μg/mL浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.999 7。高、中、低质量浓度的黄芩苷供试品溶液平均加样回收率分别为99.88%、99.01%、100.31%,RSD均小于0.87%。黄芩苷纳米乳在常温和低温条件下贮存30 d,含量无明显变化。结论 制备的W/O型黄芩苷纳米乳质量稳定可靠,建立的高效液相色谱法操作简便、快捷、重复性好,可用于测定纳米乳中黄芩苷的含量。