“The big sleep: Elucidating the sequence of events in the first hours of death to determine the postmortem interval”

Recent developments on postmortem interval estimation (PMI) take an advantage of the autolysis process, pointing out to the analysis of the expression of apoptosis and autophagy genes towards this purpose. Oxidative stress plays a role in this signaling as a regulatory mechanism and/or as a consequence of cell death. Additionally, melatonin has been implicated on apoptosis and autophagy signaling, making melatonin a suitable target for PMI determination. The aim of this study was to investigate the early PMI through the analysis of the expression of autophagy genes as well as oxidative stress and melatonin receptor. Our results demonstrated a rapidly increased on the expression of autophagy genes according to the expected sequence of events, then a marked decrease in this expression, matched with the switch to the apoptosis signaling. These results revealed potential candidates to analyze the PMI in the first hours of death, helping to estimate the time-since-death.     

Reproductive Health: Morals,Margins and Rights

Reproductive interventions and technologies have the capacity to generate profound societal unease and to provoke hostile reactions underpinned by various moral concerns. This paper shows that this position currently goes relatively unchecked by the European Court of Human Rights, which allows the margin of appreciation and consensus doctrines significantly to limit the scope of reproductive rights under the right to respect for private and family life under Article 8. This occurs both in relation to the interest in avoiding reproduction at stake in abortion, and that in achieving it at stake in medically assisted reproduction. The paper demonstrates significant flaws in the Court's framing and deployment of these doctrines in its reproductive jurisprudence. It argues that, as regards existing and upcoming reproductive interventions and technologies, the Court should attend to the concept of reproductive health, long recognised in international conventions and policy materials.     

A 26plex Autosomal STR Assay to Aid Human Identity Testing*†

Abstract: A short tandem repeat multiplex assay has been successfully developed with 25 autosomal loci plus the sex‐typing locus amelogenin for a total of 26 amplified products in a single reaction. Primers for the loci were designed so that all of the amplicons present were distributed from 65 base pairs (bp) to less than 400 bp within a five‐dye chemistry design with the fifth dye reserved for the sizing standard. A multiplex design strategy was developed to overcome challenges encountered in creating this assay. The limits of the multiplex were tested, resulting in the successful amplification of a wide range of genomic DNA sample concentrations from 2 ng to as low as 100 pg with 30 cycles of PCR. The 26plex has the potential to benefit the forensic community for reference sample testing and complex relationship evaluation.     

Potenzielle Auslieferungshindernisse aus der MRK

Eine unzul?ssige Beschwerde gegen den Beschluss des Oberlandesgerichts ist, wenn die Verletzung in verfassungsgesetzlich gew?hrleisteten Rechten nach Art 2, 3, 6 und 8 MRK geltend gemacht wird, der Sache nach als Antrag auf Erneuerung des Strafverfahrens (§ 363a StPO) zu werten. Dem Betroffenen steht nur ein Erneuerungsantrag in Betreff ein- und derselben Sache zu. § 89 Abs 2 StPO gilt nicht für das Erneuerungsverfahren. Art 3, 6 und 8 MRK k?nnen unter eng begrenzten Voraussetzungen in Zusammenhang mit einer Auslieferung eine Konventionsverletzung bewirken.     

Drittschadensliquidation

Blo?e Schadensverlagerung auf einen Dritten soll den Sch?diger von seiner Ersatzpflicht nicht befreien. Daher kommt es, soweit der Ersatzanspruch nicht ohnedies durch Legalzession auf den Dritten übergeht, zur Drittschadensliquidation durch den unmittelbar Gesch?digten. Der Beitrag untersucht dies für verschiedene Fallgruppen und hebt die Bedeutung der Schadensverlagerung für die Bemessung des Umfangs des Schadenersatzanspruchs sowie zur Abgrenzung von Drittschadensliquidation und Vertrag mit Schutzwirkung zugunsten Dritter hervor.     

乌头碱对新生大鼠心肌细胞DNA损伤的影响

目的探讨乌头碱对新生大鼠心肌细胞DNA损伤的影响。方法新生SD大鼠20只,随机分为4组,取心室肌以差速贴壁法原代培养心室肌细胞。培养第6天,制成密度为2×105个细胞/mL的细胞悬液,分别加入乌头碱混合液至终浓度为0.1、0.5、1、2μmol/L,染毒30m in;采用彗星电泳技术及CASP分析软件,检测不同浓度乌头碱染毒后心室肌细胞DNA损伤程度。结果心肌细胞被不同浓度乌头碱染毒后,尾部DNA含量、彗尾长度、尾矩、O live尾矩均随乌头碱浓度增加而升高,头部DNA含量则逐渐降低,与对照组相比,有显著性差异(P<0.01);乌头碱染毒剂量越大,心肌细胞DNA损伤越严重。结论乌头碱染毒引起细胞DNA断裂损伤呈明显的剂量—效应关系,推测细胞DNA损伤是乌头碱毒作用机制之一。     

化痰通瘀解毒方提取物对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901侵袭转移能力的影响

目的 观察化痰通瘀解毒方提取物对人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901侵袭转移能力的影响。方法 10、20、40 μg/mL化痰通瘀解毒方提取物分别干预人胃癌细胞SGC-7901 24 h后,采用Transwell小室法检测人胃癌细胞SGC-7901的侵袭、迁移能力,分别采用酶联免疫吸附试验和Western blot法检测SGC-7901细胞中基质金属蛋白酶9（matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP-9）和E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）的表达水平。结果 4组SGC-7901的侵袭细胞数和迁移细胞数以及E-cadherin和MMP-9表达水平比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,呈现明显的剂量依赖性,以高剂量化痰解毒方提取物的效应最明显。结论 化痰解毒方可抑制人胃癌细胞SGC-7901侵袭和迁移能力,其作用机制可能与上调E-cadherin表达,下调MMP-9的表达有关。     

白头翁汤正丁醇提取物对白念珠菌作用下Caco- 2细胞中细胞因子、防御素及Toll样受体表达的影响

目的 从细胞因子、人β- 防御素（human beta defensin,HBD）及Toll样受体（toll- like receptors,TLRs）途径探究白头翁汤正丁醇提取物（butyl alcohol extract of Baitouweng Decoction,BAEB）抗白念珠菌的机制。方法 以Caco- 2细胞为实验模型,先以BAEB作用Caco- 2细胞24 h,再加入热灭活的白念珠菌SC5314孢子(Candida albicans,C.A)共培养24 h,以MTT法测定Caco- 2细胞存活率;采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测Caco- 2细胞上清液白细胞介素- 6（interleukin- 6, IL- 6）、IL- 8、IL- 1β、HBD- 2、HBD- 3水平;采用普通PCR法检测Caco- 2细胞TLR1、TLR2、TLR4、TLR5 mRNA的表达水平。结果 与对照组比较,C.A单独作用的Caco- 2细胞中IL- 6、IL- 8、IL- 1β、HBD- 2、HBD- 3表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）,TLR1、TLR2、TLR4、TLR5 mRNA表达水平显著上调（P<0.05）;与C.A单独作用相比,BAEB预保护Caco- 2细胞后,Caco- 2细胞中IL- 6、IL- 8、IL- 1β及HBD- 2、HBD- 3表达水平明显降低（P<0.05）,TLR1、TLR2、TLR4、TLR5 mRNA表达水平也显著下调（P<0.05）,BAEB高剂量的效应最明显。结论 BAEB抗白念珠菌的机制与下调细胞因子、HBD及TLRs表达有关。     

仙龙解毒饮加减治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌临床研究

目的 通过分析仙龙解毒饮加减治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床资料,为其临床应用提供依据。方法 将98例中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者采用随机数字表法分为观察组（54例）和对照组（44例）。对照组仅给予常规治疗,观察组给予仙龙解毒饮加减联合常规治疗,比较两组患者生存期变化和预后相关因素。结果 观察组中位生存期为10.24个月,对照组中位生存期为6.98个月。COX回归模型多因素分析显示肿瘤分期及仙龙解毒饮加减治疗是影响中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者预后的独立因素（P＜0.05）;而性别、年龄不是影响预后的独立因素（P＞0.05）。结论 仙龙解毒饮加减治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌能有效延长患者生存期,改善预后。     

芪黄煎剂对胃切除大鼠肠淋巴细胞MAdCAM-1、ICAM-1及其mRNA表达的影响

目的 观察大鼠胃切除术后小肠内滴注芪黄煎剂对黏膜地址素细胞黏附分子-1（mucosal addressin cell adhension molecule-1,MAdCAM-1）与细胞间黏附分子-1（intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1）及其mRNA表达的影响。方法 将60只SD大鼠分为3组,每组20只。假手术组大鼠仅行腹部皮肤切开后缝合手术,模型组大鼠胃切除后给予肠内营养液能全素,芪黄煎剂组大鼠胃切除后先给予芪黄煎剂再滴注营养液能全素。连续给药7 d后,采用免疫组织化学法检测MAdCAM-1、ICAM-1蛋白表达水平,采用RT-PCR荧光定量法检测MAdCAM-1、ICAM-1mRNA相对表达水平。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠PP结中MAdCAM-1、ICAM-1及其mRNA表达水平均明显下降（P<0.05）;与假手术组比较,芪黄煎剂组大鼠PP结中MAdCAM-1、ICAM-1及其mRNA表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）。结论 芪黄煎剂能增加肠黏膜效应部位MAdCAM-1、ICAM-1及其mRNA表达水平,改善胃切除术后肠黏膜免疫屏障功能。