金丝桃素的体外抗口蹄疫病毒活性

将体外培养的BHK21细胞感染FMDV后加入金丝桃素,日光灯下光活化1 h,通过细胞病变观察、MTT法、透射电子显微镜观察、H3 UR掺入试验,探讨了光活化金丝桃素对FMDV体外生长增殖的影响。结果表明,金丝桃素有明显的抑制FMDV致BHK21 细胞病变效应,能抑制FMDV的增殖,抑制率可达61.82%。透射电镜观察,金丝桃素组与病毒对照组相比,BHK21细胞的FMDV颗粒明显减少。证实,金丝桃素在体外有明显的抑制FMDV增殖的作用。     

Phenolphthalein False‐Positive Reactions from Legume Root Nodules

Presumptive tests for blood play a critical role in the examination of physical evidence and in the determination of subsequent analysis. The catalytic power of hemoglobin allows colorimetric reactions employing phenolphthalein (Kastle‐Meyer test) to indicate “whether” blood is present. Consequently, DNA profiles extracted from phenolphthalein‐positive stains are presumed to be from blood on the evidentiary item and can lead to the identification of “whose” blood is present. Crushed nodules from a variety of legumes yielded phenolphthalein false‐positive reactions that were indistinguishable from true bloodstains both in color quality and in developmental time frame. Clothing and other materials stained by nodules also yielded phenolphthalein false‐positive reactivity for several years after nodule exposure. Nodules from leguminous plants contain a protein (leghemoglobin) which is structurally and functionally similar to hemoglobin. Testing of purified leghemoglobin confirmed this protein as a source of phenolphthalein reactivity. A scenario is presented showing how the presence of leghemoglobin from nodule staining can mislead investigators.     

Legislative genesis and judicial death of a directive: The European Court of Justice invalidated the data retention directive (2006/24/EC) thereby creating a sustained period of legal uncertainty about the validity of national laws which enacted it

The Grand Chamber has ruled that the data retention directive was invalid ex tunc since it seriously interfered with the fundamental rights to respect for private life and protection of personal data and exceeded the limits of the principle of proportionality which are provided for in the Charter. The scope and temporal effects of this ruling should be clarified, especially its legal impacts on national laws of Member States which enacted the directive. In addition, the findings of the Grand Chamber on geographical safeguards have far-reaching implications on the retention and storage of personal data in the EU.     

大鼠死后肝细胞核DNA的组织化学定量研究

推断死亡时间是法医学尸体检验须解决的重要问题之一。本实验用显微分光光度计定量测定了不同环境温度下（１０℃、２０℃、３０℃）大鼠死后不同时间肝细胞核ＤＮＡ平均含量，发现１０℃、２０℃、３０℃下大鼠死后肝细胞核ＤＮＡ含量与死亡时间呈负线性相关，其相关系数分别为—０．９９０５、—０．９８６３、—０．９７０２，且随环境温度升高ＤＮＡ含量的下降速度明显加快。作者认为ＤＮＡ组织化学定量技术可望成为推断死亡时间的新方法。     

长角血蜱4D8基因的克隆与原核表达

根据GenBank上登录的蜱4D8基因序列设计引物,用PCR技术从长角血蜱雌蜱研磨组织cDNA中扩增出4D8基因,将其连入pGEM-T Easy载体,构建重组克隆载体pGEM-T-4D8,并对检测为阳性的克隆进行测序。将该基因重组至原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,经表达纯化后,进行Western-blot试验鉴定其生物学活性。结果,长角血蜱4D8基因的氨基酸序列与青海血蜱、肩突硬蜱的同源性分别为90%、81%。表达的重组蛋白是分子质量约为41ku的融合蛋白。Western-blot试验证明,该重组蛋白能很好地识别兔抗长角血蜱全蜱阳性血清。结果表明,4D8基因作为一种重要的分子标记基因在蜱的流行病学调查方面有着重要的价值,同时作为潜在的候选抗原基因在疫苗的研究方面也有重要意义。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒HBR株不同代次水平的毒力比较试验

为了阐明高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)HBR毒株在体外传代过程中发生的毒力及遗传变异情况,采用第5、10和125代PRRSV-HBR株病毒进行了人工感染试验。结果显示,低代次(第5和第10代)病毒接种组可复制出以"高热综合征"为特点的症候群,第5代毒株感染组死亡率达40%(2/5),第10代感染组症状明显减轻且无死亡,第125代毒株感染组基本无临床症状。这3个代次的毒株感染组于感染后第3天检测病毒血症呈阳性,第7～14天到达高峰,第125代于第21天消失,较第5和10代毒株提前1周。病毒感染后抗原主要分布于脾、扁桃体、淋巴结等组织,第5和10代毒株感染组脏器出现严重的病理损伤,第125代毒株感染组仅见轻微病理损伤。对3个代次毒株的ORF5、ORF6和ORF7测序显示,仅在ORF5出现了3个氨基酸位点突变,即第29位:第5、第10代的缬氨酸到了第125代变为丙氨酸;第32位:第5、第125代的丝氨酸到了第10代变为甘氨酸;第196位:第5、第10代的谷氨酰胺到了第125代变为精氨酸。研究表明,低代次毒株能够完全复制出典型的"猪高热综合征",而高代次毒株无明显临床症状,证明该毒株经细胞传代后毒力下降。高代次毒株感染动物仍能够引起毒血症和持续感染的结果表明,高代次毒株仍具一定毒力,作为疫苗种毒需要进一步毒力弱化。     

龙胆紫染色法在显微捕获单细胞分离技术中的应用

目的建立用于显微捕获单细胞技术的龙胆紫染色法并评价其应用效果。方法制作20枚口腔拭子脱落细包悬液,配制0．05g／mL龙胆紫染液。取100μL口腔细胞悬液加入0．15、0．25、0．5、1．0、2．0μL染色液,考察最佳染色浓度;争别染色5、10、30、60min,考察最佳染色时间;用最佳条件染色后抓捕3个细胞,采用联合LV-PCR技术扩增并进行DNA分驯佥测,进行重复试验20次,并对同一检材未经染色的抓捕细胞进行检测,用于比对STR分型成功率。将龙胆紫染色法用于案例检材的口腔上皮细胞分离检验。结果1001μL细胞悬液加入0．5止0．05g／mL龙胆紫染液,染色5min,胞核呈紫工色,与胞浆对比明显;染色时间延长不影响染色效果及细胞分离检验结果。优化后的龙胆紫染色法对低体积扩增无归显抑制（P〉0．05）。应用此染色法于案例检材,胞核标识清晰,STR分型结果达同一认定标准。结论龙胆紫染色法刚于细胞核的发现,有助于提高显微捕获单细胞技术的检测效能。     

Evaluation of the Analytical Performance of a Fuel Cell Breath Alcohol Testing Instrument: A Seven‐Year Comprehensive Study

Abstract: Between 2003 and 2009, 54,255 breath test sequences were performed on 129 AlcoSensor IV–XL evidential instruments in Orange County, CA. The overall mean breath alcohol concentration and standard deviation from these tests was 0.141 ± 0.051 g/210 L. Of these test sequences, 38,580 successfully resulted in two valid breath alcohol results, with 97.5% of these results agreeing within ±0.020 g/210 L of each other and 86.3% within ±0.010 g/210 L. The mean absolute difference between duplicate tests was 0.006 g/210 L with a median of 0.004 g/210 L. Of the 2.5% of duplicate test results that did not agree within ±0.020 g/210 L, 95% of these had a breath alcohol concentration of 0.10 g/210 L or greater and 77% had an alcohol concentration of 0.15 g/210 L or greater. The data indicate that the AlcoSensor IV–XL can measure a breath sample for alcohol concentration with adequate precision even amid the effects of biological variations.     

Developmental validation of the AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® Plus PCR Amplification Kit: an established multiplex assay with improved performance

Abstract: Analysis of length polymorphism at short tandem repeat (STR) loci utilizing multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remains the primary method for genotyping forensic samples. The AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Plus PCR Amplification Kit is an improved version of the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® PCR Amplification Kit and amplifies the core CODIS loci: D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, and vWA. Additional loci amplified in the multiplex reaction are the sex‐determinant, amelogenin, and two internationally accepted loci, D2S1338 and D19S433. While the primer sequences and dye configurations were unchanged, the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Plus PCR Amplification Kit features an enhanced buffer formulation and an optimized PCR cycling protocol that increases sensitivity, provides better tolerance to PCR inhibitors, and improves performance on mixture samples. The AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Plus PCR Amplification Kit has been validated according to the FBI/National Standards and Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) guidelines. The validation results support the use of the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Plus PCR Amplification Kit for human identity and parentage testing.     

浅析死刑犯部分人身权利——在《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》的启发下

近年来,死刑问题一直被学界所关注,死刑犯的权利问题也得到一些研究和发展.随着我国法制建设的进步,人们开始越来越意识到权利的重要性.《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》的出台,预示着我国法制建设的一些新的发展变化,应该会对死刑犯权利的问题提供一些新的启示.