1941年延安市第一届参议会的民主实践——基于《解放日报》相关报道的考察分析

革命圣地延安作为陕甘宁边区首府的地缘优势,以及该市参议会在边区、县、乡(市)三级参议会制中承上启下的枢纽地位,使得对其研究颇具意义。通过对《解放日报》相关报道的分析,梳理出延安市第一届参议会在基层民主选举、监督批评政府以及提案工作等方面的基本做法和历史经验。考察这一基层代议机关的日常运作机制,有助于我们更为深入地了解陕甘宁边区县域参议会制度的历史面貌,发扬"延安精神",坚持和完善人民代表大会制度,推进基层社会治理现代化。     

FROM “FREEDOM OF MARRIAGE” TO “SELF-DETERMINED MARRIAGE”: RECASTING MARRIAGE IN THE SHAAN-GAN-NING BORDER REGION OF THE 1940S

Abstract

This article is based on recently released archival documents produced by the High Court in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region during the 1940s. Through analysis of a number of legal cases concerning marriage disputes, this article challenges the previous scholarly assumption, prevalent since the 1980s, that the CCP failed at its promised project of liberating women. This article argues that the CCP indeed adjusted its policies on women and marriage in the new revolutionary base, but this adjustment was for the purpose of adapting to a new social and cultural ecology that differed from the previous revolutionary bases where radical policy had been formed. In implementing the regulation, the legal system gradually developed a new principle of “self-determination” in judging marriage disputes, which granted female litigants choice regarding their marriages. The author argues that this new principle aimed to disentangle women from the old patriarchal system, thereby undermining patriarchal power, and empowered women. It represented a step toward women’s acquisition of independence and right to choose marriage partners.     

An osteometric study of northern Indian populations for sexual dimorphism in craniofacial region

Sex identification is an initial crucial objective in the revelation of the complete identity of the human skeleton as it also renders significantly clearer guidance towards age and stature estimation. Population specific standards are of great practical relevance in the present era of increasing population intermixing. Size differences and robusticity are the two well-elaborated pillars holding most of the dimorphic burdens of the skull. This study is designed to explore dimorphic characteristics of the craniofacial region to establish anthropometric standards for contemporary North Indian populations, which have not been available so far. One hundred and twelve adult crania of known age (23-65 years) and sex (M:F; 82:30) were collected in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Ten standard metric parameters of craniofacial region were measured and subjected to stepwise and direct discriminant function analysis employing SPSS 16.00. Bizygomatic breadth emerged as the single best parameter in stepwise analysis, providing an average accuracy of 85.5%.     

刍议新时期的警察意识

警察意识是警察行为社会存在的反映。其中,政权意识是前提,民权意识是根本,法权意识是底线。三者相互联系,不可分割,正确处理好三者的关系,是新时期警察必备的能力。     

Our Common Future in the Arctic Ocean

Abstract

Environmental state-change in the Arctic Ocean is introducing risks of political, economic and cultural instability. Interests are awakening to take advantage of new energy, shipping, fishing and tourism opportunities associated with the diminishing sea-ice. With urgency–building on the common arctic issues of sustainable development and environmental protection—environmental security offers an holistic context to address the risks and opportunities within law of the sea, as the international legal framework to preserve peace and stability in the Arctic Ocean.     

贵州乌蒙山区农村扶贫开发对策研究

乌蒙山区是《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2011-2020年)》划定的全国14个集中连片特困地区之一,是典型的老、少、边、穷地区,贫困问题、石漠化问题和民族地区发展问题相互交织,扶贫攻坚难度大,是新时期中国扶贫攻坚的主战场。运用SWOT分析方法对贵州乌蒙山区新时期扶贫开发的优势及劣势和面临的机会及威胁进行了系统分析和讨论,从农村基础设施建设、特色产业发展、农村人力资源开发和生态环境建设等方面提出了推动贵州乌蒙山区新时期农村反贫困的对策和建议。     

论南梁精神

南梁精神是土地革命时期陕甘边以刘志丹、谢子长、习仲勋为代表的共产党人在革命实践中培育的革命精神,是中国革命精神史的重要组成部分,其丰富的内涵是陕甘边革命者历史使命、道德情操的集中反映。南梁精神就是陕甘边苏区精神,与中央苏区精神及其他苏区精神既有共性,又有其个性和特色;南梁精神与中央苏区精神、长征精神同为延安精神的先河和源头;南梁精神是老区精神的重要构成部分,对庆阳老区精神的发展具有开创之功。研究和弘扬南梁精神对于推进现代政治文明、经济建设和文化发展具有重要的意义。     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区的乡选运动及其启示

抗日战争时期,陕甘宁边区的选举运动是边区政权建设中最具民主特色和优势的一部分。尤其对于乡选①,边区政府更是完全从边区实际出发,制定了一系列切实可行的政策法规,开展了扎实到位的宣传工作,采取了灵活有效的选举办法,形成了一套完整而又颇具特色的选举模式。同时,边区的乡选也积累了丰富的选举经验。边区乡选对当今基层选举的启示是,民主的选举理念和原则是选举的灵魂,有效的动员机制是唤醒民众参选的重要法宝,人性化的选举方式是成功选举的可靠保证,彻底的监督检查既是选举的程序也是选举的目的。     

Population genetics data of 23 autosomal STR loci for three Populations in United Arab Emirates

In the present study, forensic parameters were estimated for three populations residing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) including UAE Arabs, Pakistanis and Indians based on the population data of 23 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs). The UAE Arabs is a vital population to study due to high rates of consanguineous marriages. Therefore, it is essential to estimate the allele distribution and frequencies within this population. In addition, it is crucial to study the largest communities living in the UAE such as Indians and Pakistanis. A total of 1272 blood samples were collected on FTA® cards, comprising of 571 UAE Arabs, 352 Indians and 349 Pakistanis. All of these samples were amplified directly using Verifiler® Express PCR Amplification Kit that focuses on 23 autosomal STR loci, namely D3S1358, vWA, D16S539, CSF1PO, TPOX, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D2S441, D19S433, TH01, FGA, D22S1045, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D10S1248, D1S1656, D12S391, D2S1338, D6S1043, Penta D and Penta E loci. The PCR products were electrophoresed on ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer and analyzed using GeneMapper ID-X v1.4 software. Arlequin v3.5 and PowerStats software were utilized to determine the forensic parameters and population structure using AMOVA. Gene diversity, ranged from 0.67406 (TPOX) to 0.9226 (Penta E) in the UAE Arabs, 0.69955 (TPOX) to 0.9214 (Penta E) in Indian and 0.69853 (TPOX) to 0.921 (Penta E) in Pakistani population. The most discriminating autosomal STR loci observed was Penta E (PD = 0.985), (PD = 0.986), (PD = 0.986) in the UAE Arabs, Indian and Pakistani population, respectively. The obtained results showed the 23 STR loci had a relatively high genetic variation, confirming the suitability for forensic identification and kinship analysis, in the relevant populations. The significance of this study is to build an allelic frequency database for one of the most powerful commercially available STR amplification kits by using the current forensic workflow.     

世界银行与印度农业发展

印度是世界银行创始国之一 ,更是截止目前单个接收世界银行援助累积金额最多的国家。鉴于世界银行对农业部门的倾斜政策以及农业在印度的经济发展中的基础地位 ,世界银行在促进印度农业发展方面起到了不可忽视的作用。本文通过世界银行在印度部分农业项目的开展情况来揭示世界银行对印度农业发展的作用以及前景。