The dog that did not bark: the army and the emergency in India

In June 1975, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi imposed Emergency rule, capping off a decade long process of the ‘deinstitutionalisation’ of the founding Congress party, increased social mobilisation, and political instability – factors generally considered conducive to military intervention in politics. Organisational factors encouraging military praetorianism, such as military involvement in internal security missions and the growth of ‘rival’ paramilitary institutions, accompanied this process of political decay. But the Indian military did not exploit this window of opportunity. This article offers an institutionalist explanation of the military’s political restraint based on two factors. First, institutionalised mechanisms of civilian control, forged during the critical juncture following independence, insulated the military from politics and the politicians from the military despite the weakening of the political system under which these were created. Second, military internalisation of the norm civilian supremacy, continually reinforced via professional socialisation processes, acted as an internal barrier to military role expansion.     

抗日战争时期陕甘宁边区廉政建设经验之借鉴

抗日战争时期,陕甘宁边区政府在艰苦的条件下,加强廉政建设,培养了艰苦奋斗、无私奉献、"只见公仆不见官"等优良作风,为党的廉政建设积累了丰富经验。这些经验不仅是取得抗日战争乃至新民主主义革命胜利的重要保证,而且对我们今天特别是"十七大"之后的党风廉政建设和中国特色社会主义事业仍具有巨大的借鉴意义。     

India’s South-South Cooperation in Human Resource Development

ABSTRACT

The article reviews several of the main modalities of India’s human resources’ involvement with other developing economies, and especially those in Africa. These involve the provision of long-term scholarships and short-term professional training awards. Comparison is made, in the case of international students, between the scholarship and privately funded categories, and also between those from Commonwealth and non-Commonwealth countries. Comparable data on such assisted foreign student flows are also offered in respect of South Africa. Other modalities of India’s HRD engagement with Africa are analysed, including those associated with the India-African Forum Summits (IAFS). India also does capacity building through non-state actors, notably nongovernment organisations and the private sector. Furthermore, it promotes cultural diplomacy through its Indian Cultural Centres and Chairs of Indian Studies, though these are not restricted to developing economies. Although attention is paid to the Commonwealth dimension in these comparisons, it is acknowledged that the classification of students and countries as Commonwealth may not be as widespread or meaningful today as 60 years ago.     

马来西亚华印社会比较研究

马来西亚的华、印社会，虽然形成历史相似，但二者毕竟是来自不同地域的不同种群，因而彼此的社会结构、族群认同、社会影响力及与马来人的关系方面判然有别。在结构上印人社会远较华人社会复杂；在影响力方面，由于华、印社会经济实力悬殊，华人影响力远非印度人所能比拟；在与马来人的关系上，二者在政治、经济、文化方面皆与马来人存在不同程度的矛盾，但马华矛盾主要表现在华人为伸张平等政治权益的诉求及维护母语教育的地位而与马来人纷争不断，印人则在维护本民族的宗教文化传统方面与马来人针锋相对。     

印度河流域文明消亡的现代启示

印度河流域文明是世界最古老的文明之一,发展水平相当高,但却很快地消失了,而且几乎没对继之而起的另一个文明产生明显的影响.前人对其消失的原因做出多种解释,但都存在不足.造成这一文明消亡的最重要的原因有二一是人类对自然的过度开发,造成生态环境严重恶化,最终危及文明本身;二是上层建筑发展滞后于经济发展.这种教训对以可持续发展为主旋律的现代社会来说有重要的启示.     

“Those Are Our People and That's Our Family”: Wabanaki Perspectives on Child Welfare Practice in Their Communities

In collaboration with the Maine Wabanaki-State Child Welfare Truth and Reconciliation Commission Convening Group, this study explored perspectives of Wabanaki community members and tribal child welfare staff on state child welfare involvement in Wabanaki communities. Qualitative analysis of three focus groups found that participants perceived fundamental differences between what guides the work of tribal child welfare staff and state child welfare staff, as well as differences in understanding the profound impact of removing a child from the community. These findings are suggested to be elements of a Wabanaki counter-narrative that contrasts with the historical dominant narrative about Native families and children.     

马来西亚合同法论纲

由于历史原因,《马来西亚合同法》并非调整马来西亚合同关系的唯一法律渊源,英国普通法、交易习惯等都是其正式的法律渊源。《马来西亚合同法》比较全面地贯彻了合同自由、促进交易的理念,其受英国普通法、尤其是印度合同法的影响较深。     

Mandibular ramus: an indicator for sex in fragmentary mandible

Mandible is the hardest and most durable bone of the skull exhibiting a high degree of sexual dimorphism. Especially ramus of mandible is subjected to greater stress than any other bone of the skull because of the process of mastication. This study has been performed to establish the osteometric standards for practical use in forensic context over Indian population using mandibular ramus. The sample consists of 116 mandibles of Northern Indian population (M:F; 92:24, mean age 37.4 years), collected from the Department of Forensic Medicine, IMS, BHU, Varanasi. Osteometric informations about five metric parameters (coronoid height, projective height, condylar height, and maximum breadth and minimum breadth of ramus) were taken with sliding calipers. These parameters were subjected to different discriminant function analysis using SPSS 16.0. All parameters showed significant sexual dimorphism (p < 0.001 in all cases) with an overall accuracy of 80.2%, and coronoid height was the single best parameter providing an accuracy of 74.1%.     

国际机制与和谐世界构建：基于亚太地区的视角

国际机制是和谐世界构建的重要路径,也是实现国家利益与世界利益和谐互动的基本手段。构建和谐亚太是推动和谐世界建设的切实步骤,积极参与和完善亚太地区有关合作机制,是保障中国与本地区其它国家共享和平与繁荣的重要条件。当前亚太地区的合作机制建设已取得较大进展,但也存在若干不足。未来中国与其他相关方仍需立足于地区实际,稳步推进本地区相关合作机制建设,通过和谐地区建构为中国的和平发展创造一个良好的周边环境和战略依托。     

2010年俄挪北极海洋划界条约评析

2010年签署2011年批准生效的俄罗斯与挪威关于巴伦支海和北冰洋的海域划界与合作条约,"一揽子"解决了两国长达40年的海洋划界争端及渔业与跨界油气田开发问题,并创设了新的国家实践。条约是综合考量两国北极战略与能源战略及外大陆架问题等诸多方面因素的结果,对两国关系及国际社会都会产生相应影响,并对类似的海洋划界、跨界油气开发及国际合作具有借鉴意义。