Student-to-Student Abuse in the Indian Residential Schools in Canada: Setting the Stage for Further Understanding

The Indian residential school system in Canada was established to assimilate Aboriginal children into mainstream society by removing the “Indian within them.” In the past 20 years survivors of the schools have come forward with stories of physical and sexual abuse perpetrated against them by staff. However, what is significantly less spoken of is the abuse which occurred between students. The Aboriginal Healing Foundation recently held a small gathering of survivors, Elders, advocates, and researchers to discuss ways to bring this issue into the open. This article comes out of the discussions held at the gathering. Within the article we offer a conceptualization of the dynamics and processes of student to student abuse within the Indian residential schools in Canada with the hope that it will encourage a deeper discussion of this issue.     

'Intemperate and Unchaste': Jean Rhys and Caribbean Creole Identity

In this article, Carr examines Jean Rhys's ambivalent feelings about her West Indian origins. She looks at the problems both she and others have had in deciding whether her work can be truly considered to belong to the category of Caribbean literature. The difficulty lies not just in her expatriate existence or European themes, but goes back to her position as a white Caribbean Creole woman, the descendant of slave-owners. Carr looks at the traditional representations of the Creole woman, and suggest that the characteristics assigned to Bertha Mason in Jane Eyre , 'intemperate and unchaste', persisted to Jean Rhys's day, and that all her fiction, even when not explicitly Caribbean, can be seen to write back to such representations. When Rhys arrived in England, she was immediately identified as Other because of her Caribbean accent, something that marked her out as disturbingly associated with non-white West Indians; in England, she was no longer really white, although back in the Caribbean her whiteness made her unacceptable to so many of her fellow Dominicans. Much of the power of her fiction comes from her knowledge of the violent scars left in the Caribbean by the colonial past, and her own experience of the prejudices and oppressions of a hierarchical metropolitan society. In particular, if it had not been for her stigmatization as the always racially dubious West Indian when she reached England, her insight into the injustices of metropolitan and colonial society might never have been so acute.     

中国—东盟海洋旅游经济圈研究初探

近年来,中国—东盟地区海洋旅游业的发展十分迅猛,双方已成为彼此最为重要的旅游贸易伙伴之一。本文从中国—东盟双边旅游经济发展现状出发,对这一地区海洋旅游经济圈的发展进行了SWOT分析,并指出这一旅游经济圈的形成与发展将极大地推动中国与东盟旅游业的发展。     

中俄两国边境区域合作开发战略对接论证

中俄两国领导人面向未来已经达成边境区域合作开发共识,决定实现跨国战略对接,推动中国东北地区与俄罗斯远东及东西伯利亚地区之间合作关系,胡锦涛主席与梅德韦杰夫总统在2009年9月会晤中确认了这一重大战略导向,并以习近平副主席2010年3月访俄为标志进入了《合作规划纲要》的实施阶段。为此,必须明确认定中国东北地区与俄罗斯远东及东西伯利亚地区间实现跨国战略对接的现实价值,注重发挥跨国战略对接的综合优势,认真评估跨国战略对接的制约因素,进而正确做出跨国战略对接的对策创意。具体地说,中俄两国只有合作加快边境区域基础设施建设,努力扩大两国之间的相互投资力度,协调实现贸易规范化和科技产业化,通过优化人才储备来发挥市场优势,注重加强各种形式的人文情感交流,特别是中国应当下工夫创建进入俄罗斯市场的知名品牌,才能推进中国东北地区与俄罗斯远东及东西伯利亚地区间实现跨国战略对接,才能创建中俄两国边境区域经济合作开发振兴带,为东北亚区域合作开发提供一个跨国战略对接范例。     

关于中国在缅军事基地的谣传

近15年来,涉及中国在缅军事基地的报道和论著源源不断。虽未获得证实,但中国对北印度洋的渗透的传闻已深刻影响缅甸邻国,尤其是印度的战略思维。安达曼海大椰子树岛的大型情报站和伊洛瓦底江三角洲海基岛海军基地的报告,已被作为缅甸沦为中国附属国的佐证。在其他观察家看来,这些基地的存在,明确显示就是中国在印度洋进行扩张的计划,甚至是它的全球野心。然而,印度政要于2005年承认,关于中国在大椰子树岛设置情报站的报告有假,并承认缅甸并无中国海军基地。因此彻底改变印度国防计划人员10多年来关注的两大焦点,导致人们怀疑有关缅甸存在其他"中国基地"的说法,进而引起对中缅关系现状及中国在北印度洋的战略利益的思考。     

二战前英属马来亚印度劳工的政治生活简析

从20世纪初开始,马来亚印度人的民族主义逐渐兴起,一方面表现在印度人希望获得马来亚的公民权,但更多地体现在印度劳工希望殖民统治者给予他们公平、合理的待遇。然而,印度人温和合理的政治诉求遭到殖民当局的拒绝,因此他们采取了更为激进的罢工。罢工的失败促使印度人争取祖国印度独立自由的民族主义情绪的高涨,进而在日据时期掀起了一场较有声势的独立运动。日据时期的马来亚印度人的独立运动是一场无果而终的民族解放运动,也是一场失败的民族主义运动,但这场独立运动具有一定的正义性。     

谈锡克教祖师们的哲理诗

本文介绍了印度锡克教圣典《阿迪·格兰特》的内容和那纳克等五位祖师的诗歌创作情况,并从哲学、社会、艺术等角度对他们的诗歌作品作了简要分析评论。     

Understanding the Elevated Risk of Partner Violence Against Aboriginal Women: A Comparison of Two Nationally Representative Surveys of Canada

Using two large-scale representative samples of Canada collected in 1999 and 2004, this study examined Aboriginal women’s elevated risk for violent victimization relative to non-Aboriginal women. Aboriginal women had about four times the odds of experiencing violence compared to non-Aboriginal women in both surveys. In general, there were fewer differences in the impact of risk factors between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women in the 2004 than the 1999 survey, resulting in risk factors accounting for less of Aboriginal women’s elevated odds of experiencing violence in the 2004 than the 1999 survey. In both surveys, controlling for all available risk factors did not fully account for Aboriginal women’s elevated odds of experiencing violence. Results were consistent with the theory that much of Aboriginal women’s elevated odds of violent victimization may be linked to colonization. Future research is needed to provide direct evidence of a connection between cultural loss and Aboriginal women’s elevated odds of violent victimization.     

论"一国两制"下香港特别行政区行政长官的特殊法律地位

香港基本法明确规定 :香港特别行政区行政长官既是香港特别行政区的首长 ,也是香港特别行政区政府的首长。这说明行政长官在法律地位上具有双重身份。运用比较研究的方法 ,深入研究行政长官这一特殊法律地位的特性表现 ,并从行政长官所拥有的职权 ,进一步考察行政长官的职权与其特殊法律地位的关系 ,将有助于全面了解香港特别行政区行政长官的角色特征