Review on the Effects of New Firm Formation on Employment

Innovation and start-up has become the impulse of transition and upgrade of China’s industrial structure. The emergence of many start-ups will change the situation and the existing enterprises create new employment. In this way, the relation between start-ups and job creation could affect employment in the long run when industrial structures are adjusted. Empirical researches have proven that the effects of new firm formation on employment last for a long time. Serious competition has emerged between new firms and between new firms and old firms. Only highly innovative firms survive. The employment rate increases. This study reviews the theoretical and empirical researches on new firm formation and employment from home and abroad. And this study provides suggestions for policy-making on the issue of new-firm formation accelerating employment increase.     

Multinational Enterprises and Technological Effort by Local Firms: A Case Study of the Malaysian Electronics and Electrical Industry

It is often assumed that foreign MNEs are the driving force behind technological development in developing economies but it has become evident in recent years that the actions of MNEs in isolation from the domestic economy will not significantly improve the stock of technology in an economy. This study, therefore, examines the determinants of local firms' decisions to undertake technological effort, not only in isolation, but also in the context of linkages between domestic firms and MNEs. There is evidence that linkages between MNEs and local firms are important in explaining technological effort by local firms but direct technological assistance from MNEs does not seem to play a major role in fostering increased technological effort by local firms.     

A catch to the war trap: Great powers in conflict with one another appear not to act as expected‐utility maximizers

According to calculations marshalled to support Bueno de Mequita's expected‐utility model of interstate conflict, and contrary to its basic proposition, great powers in conflict with one another during 1815–1974 do not appear to have acted as expected‐utility maximizers.     

日韩工会发展比较及启示

日韩两国工会组织的发展与其工业化的进程密切相关,两国已形成多层次的三方机构,形成了维护工人利益、亦使经营者受益的各种规则和制度,劳动关系发展也由冲突向合作推进。中国尚处于工业化中期阶段,三次产业构成仅相当于日本20世纪60年代、韩国20世纪80年代的水平,劳动关系的某些表现也与当时的日韩相似。借鉴日韩经验,构建适合中国国情的工会组织机制,应增强企业工会的独立性和影响力;维护非正规就业群体利益;设置经济与工会问题专门研究机构;探索与日韩工会的跨国合作与联合。     

驻朝苏联军管机构与北朝鲜土地改革刍议

北朝鲜1946年土地改革是驻朝鲜苏联军事管制机构与北朝鲜临时人民委员会共同努力的结果。这次改革具有政治、经济双重意义。它推动了北朝鲜战后经济重建,巩固了当地民主化的基础。     

韩中女性参政对两国社会发展的影响

女性的政治参与是指提高女性的政治意识、社会意识、历史意识,培养女性政治家,使女性获得进入议会内阁以及行政各部门的权利。第四次世界妇女大会召开后,韩中两国女性的政治参与度都有不同程度的提高,韩国的女性国会议员人数和中国两会女代表人数均有增加,但女性的参政议政依然呈现三多三少现象,处于核心领导层的女性很少,这种情况不但在中国存在,韩国也是如此。为了改变这种现象,首先要从法律层面使女性参政制度化,其次要通过教育培训培养女政治家,再次要积极促进持续的文化交流,取长补短,提高女性自身的本领,担当起促进东北亚,乃至世界女性发展的重任。