理工院校法学专业实践教学对学生综合素质、创新能力的培养

法学教育中的实践教学不仅可以培养法科学生的司法实践能力,还可以为法科学生积累宝贵的司法实践经验,在法学教育中极其重要:首先,针对理工科院校法学教学长期与实践脱节,过分偏重于理论教学的现象,加强实践教学,培养学生的综合素质、实践能力和创新能力是当今高校教育教学改革的主题和重心.     

我国未成年人受教育权的法律保护制度

未成年人的受教育权是提高未成年人的素质,为投身国家建设、参与社会生活奠定基础的一项重要的发展权。未成年人的受教育权的享有和行使,对未成年人的一生乃至国家的发展关系重大。我国未成年人受教育权的法律保护制度,既通过法律法规做了总的规定;又针对特殊未成年人包括流动未成年人、农村未成年人和残疾未成年人进行保护。     

法教义学观念的源流

从历史上看,教义学观念首先起源于古希腊医学,随后古希腊哲学和古罗马的"规则法学"继受了相关观点并予以创新。法教义学经中世纪注释法学与人文主义法学奠定雏形,并由理性自然法学说提供方法论基础。源流时期的法教义学观念保持了大体一致:在基本观念上,法教义被认为是用以表述法律的一般性规则或命题,具有权威性;在方法论上,法教义学被认为是公理演绎方法(几何学方法)构造出的概念-命题体系。这使得作为知识形态之法教义学有别于研究型思维、决疑术和论题学。澄清这一源流可以为当下的法教义学研究提供更为扎实的"历史的向度"。     

Foundations for a ‘secret history’ of judicial review: a study of exclusion as bureaucratic routine

This article considers the effective exclusion of judicial review created by the treatment of urgent applications for funding by the Legal Aid Agency. Drawing upon new empirical evidence, I show that the recent approach of the Agency to urgent applications for judicial review funding was presenting lawyers with a dilemma of having to choose between three unhelpful options: risk doing work that was unpaid; refuse a case and put a client at risk; or wait for a decision before doing work and put a client at risk due to delay. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to extract – or even construct through imagination – a satisfactory justification for why the administration of a policy preference for a more restrictive legal aid system ought to incorporate a device of this kind. Though this analysis focuses on one small aspect of judicial review in practice, this article demonstrates the need for further and wider work on exclusions from judicial review. It also offers an example of the complex nature of exclusions in judicial review. Finally, it provides some instructive lessons on the challenges that further inquiry into exclusions of judicial review may encounter.     

Legal Capacity at a Crossroad: Mental Disability and Family Law

In this introductory essay to the Special Issue, I argue that both family law and disability rights law scholars should examine a key point of intersection across areas: legal capacity or the law's recognition of the rights and responsibilities of an individual. For example, parental termination proceedings center on parental fitness and functional capabilities. I contextualize the articles in the Special Issue by Leslie Francis and Robyn Powell on the role of reasonable accommodations for parents with disabilities in parental termination proceedings. In addition, I call upon legal scholars, family law courts, and practitioners to reimagine governing legal standards in family law according to principles of universal design to shift the baseline capabilities associated with parenting and parental fitness.     

The GDPR: A game changer for electronic identification schemes? The case study of Gov.UK Verify

This article offers an interdisciplinary analysis of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the context of electronic identification schemes. Gov.UK Verify, the UK Government's electronic identification scheme, and its compatibility with some important aspects of EU data protection law are reviewed. An in-depth examination of Gov.UK Verify's architecture and the most significant constituent elements of both the Data Protection Directive and the imminent GDPR – notably the legitimising grounds for the processing of personal data and the doctrine of joint controllership – highlight several flaws inherent in the Gov.UK Verify's development and mode of operation. This article advances the argument that Gov.UK Verify is incompatible with some major substantive provisions of the EU Data Protection Framework. It also provides some general insight as to how to interpret the requirement of a legitimate legal basis and the doctrine of joint controllership. It ultimately suggests that the choice of the appropriate legal basis should depend upon a holistic approach to the relationship between the actors involved in the processing activities.     

Limitations on the ability to negotiate justice: attorney perspectives on guilt,innocence, and legal advice in the current plea system

In the American criminal justice system the vast majority of criminal convictions occur as the result of guilty pleas, often made as a result of plea bargains, rather than jury trials. The incentives offered in exchange for guilty pleas mean that both innocent and guilty defendants plead guilty. We investigate the role of attorneys in this context, through interviews with criminal defense attorneys. We examine defense attorney perspectives on the extent to which innocent defendants are (and should be) pleading guilty in the current legal framework and investigate their views of their own role in this complex system. We also use a hypothetical case to probe the ways in which defense attorneys consider guilt or innocence when providing advice on pleas. Results indicate that attorney advice is influenced by guilt or innocence, but also that attorneys are limited in the extent to which they can negotiate justice for their clients in a system in which uncertainty and large discrepancies between outcomes of guilty pleas and conviction at trial can make it a sensible option to plead guilty even when innocent. Results also suggest conflicting opinions over the role of the attorney in the plea-bargaining process.     

The welfare courts: A socio-legal analysis of risk management through modern strict liability

The aim of the essay is to offer an adequate theoretical framework for a socio-legal analysis of risk management by the legal system. Law and risk are the two most important concepts to be clarified. Unlike the law, whose function consists in the temporal stabilisation of normative expectations, the perspective of risk is characterised by the possibility of changing the criteria for decisions based upon the evaluation of the consequences of those decisions. In the context of a modern society, characterised by an increasing demand for protection for people injured by new technologies, one observes certain difficulties in the attempt to adopt a risk perspective within the legal system. The result of this process is the new law of tort based upon the modern principles of strict liability. While strict liability can be shown to be effective in managing conflicts relating to technological accidents, its most negative effects are the increasing instability of legal structures and interference with the activities of other subsystems of society, such as medicine and the economy.     

行政程序违法的法律后果及其责任

当今,程序违法的法律后果及其责任追究的困境,在于人为地将程序始终与实体问题纠缠不清,其本质体现为程序独立性的缺乏。为促进正当程序理念在行政管理领域中尽快转化为现实,我国行政程序违法法律后果构建的重点不是多元处理方式的强调,而应是程序违法应予撤销规则的坚持和完善。     

论行政裁决社会公信力的提升

行政裁决是一种特殊的行政行为,又是一种社会性的行为,因此必须在法制化的框架内努力实现其社会公信力的价值目标。通过规范行政裁决机构、行政裁决人员的职权,实现行政裁决程序的公开化,强化行政裁决过程的透明化等途径,来提升行政裁决的社会公信力,从而建立和扩大行政裁决的社会信用与声誉。提升行政裁决社会公信力在提高行政行为的社会认可程度、提高行政行为的效率内涵、减轻法院行政诉讼的压力、实行责任政府与法制社会的目标等方面有着重大的意义与价值。