Measuring Environmental and Economic Opinions about Hydraulic Fracturing: A Survey of Landowners in Active or Planned Drilling Units

We investigate how Eastern Ohio landowners affected by the recent boom in high‐volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) view the industry and the factors that affect their attitudes. Our unique sample almost exclusively contains individuals whose land is under lease for and/or experiencing HVHF. Nation‐ and state‐wide surveys that investigate HVHF attitudes tend to find nearly even splits between opposed and supportive respondents, whose views are strongly influenced by political partisanship. These trends largely do not manifest among Eastern Ohio landowners, for whom personal experiences with HVHF crucially influence attitudes. Most respondents support HVHF and say it has benefited their community economically. Political partisanship does not significantly impact HVHF views. Contrary to arguments in the literature that economic considerations drive variation in support for HVHF, landowners’ support for the industry also appears influenced by perceptions of its environmental and infrastructure impacts. Environmental concerns appear to more powerfully shape attitudes than economic benefits.     

Physical growth and ethnic inequality in New Zealand prisons, 1840–1975

The British colonization of New Zealand after 1840 was marked by an unusual concern compared to other settler colonies to incorporate the indigenous Māori population into the new society. But despite a continuing political rhetoric of protection and sovereignty, Māori have historically had lower living standards and, since the 1920s, higher rates of incarceration than European-descended New Zealanders (Pākehā). In this article, the authors examine differences between Māori and Pākehā over 130 years using prison records. Aggregate data from the Ministry of Justice shows long-term change and differences in incarceration rates. Using a data set of all extant registers of men entering New Zealand prisons, the authors show change over time in convictions and in height. The adult statures of Māori and Pākehā were similar for men born before 1900, but marked differences emerged among cohorts born during the twentieth century. By the Second World War, the gap in adult stature widened to around 3 cm, before narrowing for men born after the Second World War. Periods of divergence in stature are paralleled by divergence in fertility and indicators of family size, suggesting the possibility that increasing fertility stressed the economic situation of Māori families. The prison evidence suggests that inequalities in ‘net nutrition’ between Māori and Pākehā are long-standing but not unchanging – indeed, they increased for cohorts born in the early twentieth century. A subset of the data describing adolescents confirms that, among those born after 1945, the ethnic differential was already visible by the age of 16.     

大鼠双后肢挤压伤后肺、肝细胞的凋亡

目的研究大鼠双后肢挤压伤后肺、肝细胞的凋亡过程,探讨挤压伤损伤机制。方法建立大鼠双后肢挤压伤模型,采用TUNEL法对大鼠肺、肝细胞凋亡进行检测,免疫组织化学法检测凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3的表达。结果与对照组相比,损伤组大鼠双后肢局部肌肉组织明显损伤,肺、肝细胞凋亡明显增多(P0.05),凋亡相关蛋白Bax上调、Bcl-2下调、caspase-3被激活(P0.05)。结论大鼠双后肢挤压伤后引起肺、肝细胞凋亡明显增多,可能是损伤释放的相关因子介导了细胞凋亡的发生。     

Digital Government: A Primer and Professional Perspectives

Digital technology is a critical enabler of public administration reforms. It can improve the efficiency and productivity of government agencies and allow citizens to transact with government anytime, anywhere. It can also deepen the democratic process, empowering citizens to participate in policy formulation. In this article Andrew Botros, the director of Expressive Engineering, and Maria Katsonis, from the Department of Premier and Cabinet (Victoria), explore the challenges of the digital world for the public sector. Katsonis presents a primer on digital government tracing its evolution from the e‐government movement of the 1990s to Government 2.0 in the 2000s to today's digital‐by‐default agenda. As technology and its role in public sector reform have progressed, so too have the governance, cultural, and leadership challenges deepened. Botros examines NSW approach to open innovation with the Premier's Innovation Initiative in NSW, the state's open data experience, and Transport for NSW and its management of public transport data. He argues NSW's approach involves a significant innovation trade‐off, requiring fresh thinking in digital‐era collaboration.     

从“注释”看《马克思恩格斯全集》中文第二版《资本论》的编辑工作

《马克思恩格斯全集》中文第二版是中国人首次独立编辑的马克思恩格斯著作的全集版。收录《资本论》的《马克思恩格斯全集》中文第二版第44、45、46卷,编辑质量比《马克思恩格斯全集》中文第一版第23、24、25卷有很大提高。但由于没有利用（或没有充分重视）MEGA2/Ⅱ/10、MEGA2/Ⅱ/13和MEGA2/Ⅱ/15的注释成果,新版《资本论》也存在重大缺陷。有必要在充分利用MEGA2/Ⅱ/10、MEGA2/Ⅱ/13和MEGA2/Ⅱ/15的基础上,编辑出版《资本论》的新版本。     

Organized elite power and clean energy: A study of negative policy experimentations with renewable portfolio standards

Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) is one of the most widely adopted clean energy policies in the U.S. However, organized elite power groups, backed by ample political and economic resources, have been known to lead RPS termination efforts. In the context of state renewable energy politics, organized elite power includes legislators affiliated with American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and anti-renewable energy business groups. Focusing on the roles of organized elite power, this study investigates the drivers of the formulation of RPS rollback (goal freeze) and termination bills, which we refer to collectively as negative policy experimentations. We find that RPS termination attempts are explained by the presence of ALEC legislators and anti-renewable energy business groups, whereas RPS goal freeze bills are better explained by conditions of policy operations. This study contributes to the policy process theory by providing critical insights into the post adoption decisions, including policy termination and rollback legislations, with a focus on the role of organized elite power.     

Self-reported anger among individuals with an autism spectrum disorder detained in high security psychiatric care: do preoccupations have an influence?

The State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI 2) is a widely used measure of the experience and expression of anger within forensic populations. Despite anger expression difficulties being common among individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), little is known as to how those who offend perform in the STAXI 2. In exploring the application of the STAXI 2 to individuals with an ASD, two groups detained in high security psychiatric care were compared. Results suggest that whilst those with offending unconnected to a preoccupation have more complex psychiatric presentations, MANOVAs revealed no differences in demographic and cognitive characteristics. Within the Autism Spectrum Quotient, those with offending linked to a preoccupation score higher in the attending to details scale and in the STAXI 2 reported significantly lower levels of ‘anger expression out’. It is proposed that an examination of anger is useful for all individuals with an ASD who offend.     

补阳还五汤对全脑缺血模型大鼠再灌注不同时点皮质神经细胞钙超载的影响

目的:采用膜片钳技术和离子图像分析技术,同步观察补阳还五汤预干预对全脑缺血大鼠皮质神经细胞L型Ca2 通道及细胞内Ca2 浓度的影响,探讨Ca2 信号异常参与缺血性神经细胞损伤的机制及补阳还五汤抗脑缺血的分子机制,为临床应用本方防治缺血性脑病提供理论基础,并为中药复方研究探索新的思路和方法.方法:参照改良的Pulsinelli四血管闭塞法复制全脑缺血大鼠模型,缺血后大鼠分别在存活2,2,4,8及72 h后进行皮质神经细胞急性分离,负载荧光指示剂Fura-2/AM,用钙离子成像系统检测单个神经细胞内Ca2 浓度.单通道电流经EPC-9膜片钳放大器放大,用Pulsefit Pulse采集至计算机.用分析软件TAC进行测量.结果:补阳还五汤预干预除再灌注12 h外,可显著降低其他各时点大脑皮质神经细胞内Ca2 浓度,对缺血再灌后两次Ca2 堆积均表现明显的抑制作用.补阳还五汤再灌注72 h,皮质神经细胞L型Ca2 通道平均开放时间显著降低,再灌注2 h,皮质神经细胞L型Ca2 通道开放概率显著降低.结论:降低缺血再灌注不同时点皮质神经细胞内Ca2 浓度及在缺血再灌注不同时点分别降低L型Ca2 通道开放概率和开放时间是补阳还五汤抗脑缺血的重要机制.补阳还五汤预干预对缺血性神经细胞损伤的预防和治疗有非常积极的意义.     

鹅Ⅰ型禽副黏病毒F基因重组质粒的构建及其DNA免疫

通过RT PCR扩增出鹅Ⅰ型禽副黏病毒GPMV/QY97 1株F蛋白基因的cDNA ,并将F基因cDNA克隆到含CMV启动子的pCI载体上 ,构建这一基因的真核表达质粒pC GPMVF ,以此质粒肌肉注射 3周龄非免疫鸡 ,并分别于免疫后第 2、4、6周通过ELISA方法检测抗体水平。结果证明 ,用重组质粒pC GPMVF免疫鸡 ,能刺激机体产生抗Ⅰ型禽副黏病毒的特异性抗体和免疫应答