PREDICTING WHO REOFFENDS: THE NEGLECTED ROLE OF NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT IN RECIDIVISM STUDIES*

Prior studies of recidivism have focused almost exclusively on individual‐level characteristics of offenders and their offenses to explore the correlates of reoffending. Notably absent from these studies are measures reflecting the neighborhood contexts in which individuals live. The current research addresses this shortcoming. Using data on a sample of ex‐offenders in Multnomah County, Oregon (Portland and surrounding area) in conjunction with 2000 census data, we answer two questions. First, which individual‐level factors influence rates of recidivism? Second, to what extent does neighborhood socioeconomic status account for variation in the reoffending behavior of ex‐prisoners that is not explained by their individual‐level characteristics? We find that those who return to disadvantaged neighborhoods recidivate at a greater rate while those who return to resource rich or affluent communities recidivate at a lesser rate, controlling for individual‐level factors.     

论马克思主义经济学的创新——为纪念马克思《资本论》(第1卷)发表140周年而作

十九世纪中叶,无产阶级和资产阶级展开了激烈的斗争,无产阶级革命运动如火如荼,马克思说明工资是劳动力的价格,利润是剩余价值,利息是剩余价值的转化形式,揭露了资本主义社会的剥削本质,为唤起劳动人民进行剥夺剥夺者的革命提供了科学的理论根据。但是,今日社会已经进入二十一世纪了,大家都在集中精力发展经济,努力构建和谐社会,如果这时候经济学家们照搬马克思的工资、利润和利息范畴怎么可能客观反映今日社会的现实呢?马克思主义经济学作为一门科学必然会随着社会的发展而创新。我们应当把马克思主义基本原理和社会主义市场经济现实相结合进行理论创新,对工资、利润和利息范畴做出全新的理论概括,这样才能客观反映今日社会的现实。我们的基本结论是:社会主义市场经济中的工资是劳动的价格,利润是经营收入,利息收入具有劳动收入的性质。     

马克思主义与时俱进的最新成果 --学习江泽民"5·31"重要讲话

江泽民同志“5·31”重要讲话.充分阐释了“三个代表”重要思想的时代价值、科学内涵和实践意义,是马克思主义与时俱进的最新理论成果。讲话深刻揭示了时代性和实践性的统一是马克思主义与时俱进的基本要素,“三个代表”是全球化和市场化背景中发展着的马克思主义,更是我们党完成执政兴国两大历史性任务的根本要求。贯彻“三个代表”重要思想.必将加速当代中国的文明——物质文明、精神文明和政治文明——的有机联系、协调发展、整体推进的历史进步趋势。     

关于马克思主义中国化研究的述评

本文对于理论界关于马克思主义中国化问题的研究作了较为系统的总结,将研究的主要侧重点概括为十一个方面,并给出了简要的评价.     

邓小平法思想的哲学基础

马克思主义哲学是邓小平法思想、法实践形成的理论基础;或者说,邓小平法思想、法实践是对辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的立场、观点和方法予以奉行和遵从的产物。整体性与系统性的统一、原则性与灵活性的统一,形象性与深刻性的统一以及重实效的实践性等诸多方面,构成了邓小平现实主义思维的基本方式,也是邓小平法思想的哲学基础的体现。     

COMMUNITY ACCOUNTABILITY,MINORITY THREAT,AND POLICE BRUTALITY: AN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL RIGHTS CRIMINAL COMPLAINTS*

A growing body of evidence shows that minorities are disproportionately the targets of police brutality, but important theoretical questions about the causes of that inequity remain unanswered. One promising line of research involves structural‐level analyses of the incidence of police brutality complaints; however, existing studies do not incorporate variables from alternative theoretical explanations. Drawing on the community accountability hypothesis and the threat hypothesis, we tested the predictions of two prominent structural‐level explanations of police brutality in a study of civil rights criminal complaints. The study included cities of 150,000+ population (n = 114). The findings reveal that two community accountability variables—ratio percent Hispanic citizens to percent Hispanic police officers and the presence of citizen review—were related positively to police brutality complaints, partially supporting that perspective. Two threat hypothesis measures of threatening people—percent black and percent Hispanic (in the Southwest)—were related positively to complaints, as predicted. The relative degree of support for the two hypotheses is assessed.     

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN SAME‐GENDER RELATIONSHIPS

Physical violence occurs in 11–12% of same‐gender couples, which suggests that domestic violence is an abuse of power that can happen in any type of intimate relationship, regardless of gender or sexual orientation. Although incidents of violence occur at the same rate in same‐gender couples and cross‐gender couples, the violence appears to be milder in same‐gender couples and it is unclear what percentage of same‐gender violence should be characterized as abuse or intimate terrorism. Same‐gender victims also suffer from the additional stress of severe isolation and the abuser's threats to expose the victim's sexual orientation in a hostile manner.     

构建马克思主义学习型政党长效机制探析

构建马克思主义学习型政党建设的有序、长效机制,应从革新组织结构机制、健全领导机制、完善工作机制和创新实践机制四个方面入手。其中,革新组织结构机制是马克思主义学习型政党建设的基石;完善领导机制是马克思主义学习型政党建设的组织保证;健全工作机制是马克思主义学习型政党建设的关键环节;创新实践机制是马克思主义学习型政党建设的有力保障。