地方政府制度创新与民营经济发展——温州制度变迁的轨迹与分析

地方政府作为制度创新的主体之一 ,在推进民营企业的制度创新过程中起着特殊的重要作用。本文以温州民营经济发展为背景 ,分析了温州地方政府在与民营经济发展的互动中制度创新的背景和方式。温州地方政府积极响应民间的制度创新活动 ,对民间的制度创新活动进行保护、协调和组织 ,为民营经济发展提供了一个相对开放、自由和合法的制度环境。地方政府的制度创新极大地促进了温州民营经济的发展。     

法治政府指标:适度政府与统一政府

适度政府与统一政府是法治政府的基本特征和重要指标。调整和重构政府与社会、市场、中介机构和行业组织关系 ,从全能政府走向适度政府 ,是法治政府建设的基本内容 ;认识和实践统一市场、统一政府和统一法制的逻辑关系 ,通过法制统一实现政府统一 ,是法治政府建设的重要选择。行政许可法制对于促进政府职能转变和适度政府建设、抑制地方主义、部门主义和建设统一政府 ,具有重要的现实意义。     

我国政府部门实施质量管理体系的探索

引进ISO9000质量管理体系标准是政府部门实现行政管理的制度化、规范化和程序化的有效途径,是构建规范化服务型政府的必要手段和有效保障.本文概述了政府部门引入质量管理体系的理论基础及其独特性,对我国公共部门实施质量管理体系进行了可行性探索.     

电子政务与政府流程再造——兼谈新公共管理

电子政务是信息技术在政府管理的广泛应用的结果,但是,它不仅仅是一种纯粹的技术活动。为了充分发挥信息技术的潜力,降低信息化的投资风险,在实施电子政务过程中进行政府流程再造是必然的选择。结合企业信息化的经验,论述了电子政务实施过程中进行政府流程再造的必要性,以及在不同的电子政务应用层次对政府流程再造的不同要求。但是,随着电子政务应用层次的提高,也对政府管理提出了更高的要求;从新公共管理的角度对电子政务进行了进一步的探讨,研究了新公共管理对我国电子政务的借鉴意义和存在的障碍。     

完善我国政府采购监督制度之思考

完善的政府采购监督制度有利于保障政府采购当事人的合法权益,预防和遏止违法行为,加强市场监管。但目前我国的政府采购监督制度存在立法形式散乱,主管机关赋予的监督权太少,确定的监督范围狭窄,监督法律体制不健全等诸多问题,需要通过采取结合型立法模式,构建政府采购监督法律体系,扩大主管机关的监督权和监督范围,规定监督标准和监督程序以及健全监督体制等措施来加以完善。     

新型行政问责文化的构建

当前,行政问责在制度上得以不断完善,但在文化建设上却相对滞后,影响到行政问责的进一步推进。因此,建设新型行政问责文化成为一项迫切的任务。新型行政问责文化应以民主法治、共同参与和官员道德自律为目标选择,用正确的理念、完善的制度和深入的教育引导、塑造、培养新型行政问责文化。     

塘沽模式:将社会性别意识纳入村民自治主流--对"提高农村妇女当选村委会成员比例政策创新示范项目"的观察与思考

国家民政部基层政权和社区建设司农村处在天津市塘沽区实施的“提高农村妇女当选村委会成员比例政策创新示范项目”(2003年6月-2004年6月)探索将社会性别意识纳入村民自治主流,即通过政策的推动改善农村妇女民主参与路径,推出了一个由政府主导、以政策干预为手段、联合社会各界共同推动农村妇女参与村民自治进程的塘沽模式。本文研究和评估了该项目的典范意义、发现和产出、推广价值以及存在的不足,提出了可持续发展的建议。     

Contracts, Compacts and Control: New Labour and Personal Responsibility

The 2004 report Personal Responsibility and Changing Behaviour: The State of Knowledge and its Implications for Public Policy by the Prime Minister's Strategy Unit is an attempt to draw together social science literature that explains why it is difficult for governments to influence individual citizens. Underlying this is the idea that across diverse areas of policy, state provision of services often has much less impact on outcomes than does an individual's behaviour. Therefore to improve outcomes, government needs to be able to encourage 'personal responsibility'. The authors focus mainly on the role of contracts in changing behaviour in a whole range of different areas; from ASBOs and crime prevention, to home-school agreements and education policy. This report appears to underpin much of the thinking within New Labour as to future policy, and reveals how ideas of personal responsibility are likely to be key to New Labour's manifesto commitments prior to the 2005 general election.     

Recent Developments to British Multicultural Theory,Policy and Practice: The Case of British Muslims

Since the early 1970s, there have been highly sophisticated arguments and conceptual discussions put forward in relation to how Western liberal democracies might wish to manage their diverse ethnic minority populations. It is apparent, however, that in the current climate, the important principles of unity and diversity are insufficient to challenge differing forms of ethnic, racial, and religious inequality. This paper argues that because of its underlying assumptions and modus operandi in the post-September 11 climate, British multiculturalism has been ineffective, even supporting some commentators' suggestions of a return to assimilationism. There is a new era in post-September 11 political hegemony, economic determinism and structural and cultural racisms, with European government rhetoric and public policy almost exclusively aimed at Muslims—whether as existing citizens or as part of a process of limiting immigration (which has tended to be from mainly Eastern European, North African, and Middle Eastern sending regions and nations). The example of New Labour and how it has attempted to deal with multiculturalism in Britain is a case in point. The discussion explores the changing concept of multiculturalism with special reference to British Muslims and debates that emerge in relation to identity, nation and civil society. It is argued that the experience and treatment of British Muslims is important to explore and appreciate in the current climate as it provides a test case for the future of (a) British multiculturalism and (b) British Muslims in society per se.     

浅议政府在建立节约型社会中的作用

“建设节约型社会”已经成为全社会关注的重要问题。我国政府浪费资源十分严重,建立节约型社会,首先应从政府做起。政府应以身作则,节约能耗,同时完善我国的节约政策和构建节约型社会的制度,以此促进我国节约型社会的建立。