中国西北地区新城疫病毒分离株基因型与抗原性的关系

从我国西北地区分离到10株新城疫病毒(NDV),在蚀斑纯化、致病力和基因型鉴定的基础上,以LaSota、F48E9株免疫血清与分离毒株进行中和试验和交叉血凝抑制试验(HI).结果表明,弱毒株LaSota的免疫血清对分离毒株具有一定的保护力,但随毒株的不同有很大差异,对分离毒的中和指数远远低于强毒株F48E9免疫血清的中和指数.结合基因型鉴定结果,认为这种差别很可能是造成LaSota系疫苗免疫失败的原因之一.     

Atherosclerotic and Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease are Associated with Death at Sublethal Carboxyhemoglobin Levels: A Postmortem Study

Residential fires are a significant cause for morbidity and mortality in the United States. Death is often the result of soot and smoke inhalation causing carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity. The approximate lethal level of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in healthy adults has been well described. However, a significant number of medical examiner cases involve infirmed decedents, often elderly, with complex cardiovascular disease burdens. It is well known that death in these cases will occur at sublethal levels of COHb; however, increased lethality has been largely documented via anecdotal experience and lacks quantification. Fifty-five cases were identified where death resulted from smoke and soot inhalation suffered in a residential fire. The control group, with no cardiovascular disease, had an age-adjusted mean COHb level of 61.6% at the time of death. Presence of hypertensive cardiovascular disease showed a 30% reduction in COHb (age-adjusted mean 43.2%), atherosclerotic disease showed a 33% reduction (age-adjusted mean 41.5%), and combined disease presentation accounted for 41% reduction (age-adjusted mean 36.3%). When controlling for age, atherosclerotic and hypertensive cardiovascular diseases were each associated with statistically significant decreases in COHb (p < 0.01). Increasing age was associated with decreased COHb levels at 2.8% per 10 years of life (p < 0.01), even when modeled with hypertensive and atherosclerotic disease. These findings carry important public health significance, as well as practical significance for the medical examiner when interpreting COHb levels in cases of suspected deaths due to smoke and soot inhalation.     

Pandemic Disease: A Past and Future Challenge to Governance in the United States

Throughout history, pandemics have posed significant challenges to governments. Examination of the ways that governments have responded to pandemics can contribute to the U.S. government's ability to react in the future. We utilize past cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and multiple forms of influenza to identify specific challenges governments have faced. Based on that knowledge, we discuss the major issues that the United States will have to address in the event of a future pandemic.     

副猪嗜血杆菌部分体内诱导基因的筛选

用Sau3AⅠ酶切副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)SC-1株基因组,回收500～2000bp的片段,并与pRSETa/b/c载体连接,构建了HPSSC-1株基因组表达文库;将攻毒后不同时间的猪血清混合,分别与体外培养的HPSSC-1和大肠杆菌BL21的全菌、超声裂解产物及热变性裂解产物进行吸附,用ELISA检测吸附效果,并用Western-blot进一步验证;再用经过吸附的混合血清对HPSSC-1基因组表达文库进行菌落原位免疫杂交筛选;对筛选出来的阳性克隆进行测序和生物信息学分析。结果显示,构建的副猪嗜血杆菌基因组文库库容量为1.2×104CFU;混合血清经过吸附后,D450nm由0.384下降到0.220。Western-blot结果显示,经吸附的血清与HPSSC-1株超声裂解产物无任何条带;通过原位免疫印迹筛选获得5个阳性克隆;阳性克隆测序结果经DNAMAN分析初步推测出5个可能具有生物学意义的开放阅读框,BLAST分析表明,这些序列与GenBank中的副猪嗜血杆菌相应基因的同源性在99%以上,分别涉及副猪嗜血杆菌的酪氨酸磷酸酯酶、异亮氨酰-tRNA合成酶、荚膜多糖输出蛋白及2个假定蛋白。结果表明,应用体内诱导抗原技术从副猪嗜血杆菌SC-1株基因组表达文库中成功筛选出5个阳性克隆,其中部分基因可能与毒力相关。     

农杆菌介导O型口蹄疫病毒P12A~*3C基因转化玉米的研究

通过农杆菌介导转化法,将O型口蹄疫病毒P12A*3C基因转化到玉米自交系18-599的Ⅱ型胚性愈伤组织中,经潮霉素抗性筛选获得25株抗性再生植株。对转基因植株的PCR检测,PCR-Southern及RT-PCR检测表明,目的基因P12A*3C已经整合到玉米基因组中并得到表达。T1代植株的PCR检测表明,P12A*3C基因能稳定遗传,本研究为转基因玉米口蹄疫可饲疫苗的生产奠定了试验基础。     

口蹄疫病毒感染动物组织及其产品传播口蹄疫的风险和控制

对影响口蹄疫病毒存活的因素、传播途径和最小感染量,口蹄疫感染动物不同组织、体液中口蹄疫病毒的带毒量和病毒存活能力,口蹄疫病毒在各类畜产品中的存活能力等相关研究进展进行了综述;对各类畜产品传播口蹄疫的风险进行了分析评估,并提出了风险控制措施和建议.     

重庆地区部分牛和猪外周血博尔纳病病毒自然感染的调查

采用荧光定量巢式实时逆转录聚合酶链反应检测了重庆地区牛和猪各50例外周血单核细胞中博尔纳痛病毒(Borna disease virus,BDV)p24基因片段,并对其进行BDV p40基因片段的检测以确保结果的可靠性.检出的阳性序列与GenBank中5个国家4个动物种属25例BDV p24基因序列进行比对,分析其核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性,重建基因系统发生树.结果显示,3例牛和2例猪血标本BDV p24检测呈阳性,阳性率分别为6.00%和4.00%;5例标本BDV p40片段检测均为阳性,其余标本均为阴性;BDVp24扩增产物序列与BDV标准病毒株He/80的同源性为100%,与H1766和Strain V相比,变异程度小,所编码的氨基酸序列亦无变化;从发生树可以看出,5例BDV p24片段序列汇聚德国-瑞士-奥地利-日本-重庆混合支系.提示,重庆地区牛和猪中可能存在BDV的自然感染,其流行株可能源于外来疫病病原的传入.     

大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠对非透析慢性肾脏病肾性骨病湿热证患者骨密度及血清骨形成蛋白-7的影响

目的观察非透析慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney diseases,CKD)肾性骨病湿热证患者腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)和血清骨形成蛋白-7(bone morphogenetic protein-7,BMP-7)水平及大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠的干预作用。方法将64例非透析CKD 3~5期湿热证患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各32例(结果每组失访2例),并设正常组20例。两组均给予基础治疗,治疗组加用大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠,每日1次,疗程均为8周。治疗前后分别观察两组血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN),血清肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr)、钙(calcium,Ca)、磷(phosphorus,P)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,iPTH)、BMP-7水平及第2—4腰椎BMD。结果治疗组临床疗效显著优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗4周末和8周末,两组中医证候积分均较前一时点显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组积分均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组在降低BUN、SCr和血清P、iPTH、ALP方面,以及在升高血清Ca和肾小球滤过率估算值方面均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。与正常组比较,CKD病例组BMD和BMP-7均显著降低(P0.05);两组治疗后BMD和BMP-7均显著升高(P0.05),而治疗组BMD和BMP-7升高值均显著大于对照组(P0.05)。结论非透析CKD肾性骨病湿热证患者BMD和BMP-7水平均显著低于健康人群;大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠可防治非透析CKD肾性骨病,其机制可能与改善肾功能及升高血清BMP-7含量有关。     

现阶段我国心理疾病的社会探因及调适

现阶段，压力已经成为现代人心理疾病的重要诱因，包括社会角色压力、就业和工作压力、情绪情感压力与学习认知压力等。加强自我认知，培养健康人格；了解社会需要，重新定位自我；控制自我情绪，积极调整心态；普及健康教育，开展心理咨询等是调适心理疾病的主要方法。     

职业病的防治重在政府担责

职业病危害已经成为中国目前一个重大的公共卫生问题和社会问题。但我国政府在职业病防治方面还存在不足之处,主要原因有政府职能划分不清、防治监管缺位等等。“十一五”时期服务型政府应是公共产品和服务的提供者、良好社会环境的创造者、广大人民群众利益的维护者。职业病防治的重任需政府来分担,政府应积极采取措施加强职业病的防治。