What consideration sets can teach us about electoral competition: A two-hurdle model

Consideration set models (CSMs) offer a novel way to study electoral behavior. Until now, they have been mostly studied at the micro-level of the voter's decision process. By contrast, we focus on the implications of CSMs for understanding the phenomenon of party competition. We propose a two hurdle model whereby parties compete for both consideration and selection, pursuant the consideration and choice stages of the CSM. We operationalize these hurdles in terms of a party's inclusivity—is it being considered?—and exclusivity—is it considered on its own?—and formally derive lower- and upper-bounds for the electoral fortunes of the party. We also show how consideration set data can be used to sketch the competition landscape in an election and to characterize the system-wide competitiveness of a political system. We illustrate our concepts and ideas using data from the 2010 Dutch and 2014 Swedish parliamentary elections.     

提升高校教师教与学的领导力(英文)

Learning and teaching in universities in higher education plays a very important role.In order to improve the quality of learning and teaching for teachers to cope with the reform and challenge nowadays,leadership can help to handle with the difficult situation.The more important is to arouse the teachers’ awareness.This assignment reviews the leadership’s several aspects and raised some suggestions for discussion based on the challenge coming from the work place.     

美国等西方国家对华“分化”策略的新变化及对策思考

基于政治制度和意识形态的冲突、地缘政治的竞争和战略的不信任,以美国为首的西方国家对华实施西化分化的战略图谋一刻也没有松懈。近年来,中国的快速发展迫使美国调整了对华实施分化战略的策略;同时,由于中国正处于社会转型、改革深化的关键时期,社会矛盾的增多、社会冲突的加剧为美西方的分化活动提供了诸多契机和借口。面对美国等西方国家的分化活动出现的新形式与新特点,为了维护国家的政治安全,中国不仅要在策略方面进行应对,还需要在战略层面提出适应国家整体发展的顶层设计,更为重要的是在软实力上构建一套让全世界都信服且能与西方相抗衡的价值体系。     

走出精英主义,坚持批判精神——日常生活审美化十年谈

日常生活的审美化以及审美活动日常生活化是对传统精英主义美学的强有力冲击,深刻地导致了文学艺术及整个文化领域的生产、传播、消费方式的变化.倡导拓展文艺学的对象与范围、调整文艺学的研究范式以及对于日常生活中的审美活动的关注和跨学科研究方法的运用,绝不意味着对日常生活审美化这一现象的价值认同.针对中国的消费主义和日常生活审美...     

正确处理党的领导与依法独立办案的关系

坚持党的领导是贯穿习近平法治思想的一条主线。正确处理党的领导与依法独立办案的关系,既是贯彻落实习近平法治思想的重要内容,也是司法理论与实践必须回答的重大问题。中国共产党对司法工作的领导具有坚实的历史基础、法理基础和宪法依据。党的领导是依法独立办案的根本保障,坚持依法独立办案本身就是体现党的领导。正确把握党的领导与依法独立办案的关系,必须首先弄清楚党的领导是指党中央的集中统一领导,地方党委对司法工作的领导主要是管方向、管政策、管原则、管干部。各级司法机关党组织必须确保党的领导在司法机关内部得到贯彻落实,依规依法管人管事管案,发挥整体性的引领、管理、监督、保障作用,确保法律统一正确实施。     

弗朗西斯·培根的政治哲学:唯物主义与自然主义之间

作为近代哲学发端式的人物,弗朗西斯·培根的哲学背负着太多后世强加的标签。在特殊的历史情势下,培根并没有试图主动地成为一般意义上的唯物主义者,而是不自觉地将唯物主义作为方法和策略,以便发展和实践其自然主义哲学。这种不自觉的唯物主义和自然主义,最终构成了保守主义的英国启蒙政治的最初底色。系统批判一般的形而上学或建构一种科学主义的理论体系只是后世学者的想象,培根的真实意图则是确立与科学相匹配的自然主义哲学及其方法。培根试图以真正的归纳法引导和重塑经验主义,进而确立经验上升至知识的科学、合法的路径。培根不自觉地拓展科学的规范性外延,将把握自然界与人类社会之客观规律作为力量和公共福祉的源泉。培根将不断取得财富和科学技术进步的国家视为其自然主义的现实效用,但是又最终将现存政治制度的完整保存与自发变革作为这种自然主义的终极限度。     

China's Politics and Bilateral Trade Linkages

Abstract

China's position in the world economy during the past half-century provides vital information for investigating the relation between politics and trade. Although there is a substantial number of studies in this area, the current study extends the literature in at least three ways: (1) it is one of the first studies that investigates the problem of a potential sample selection bias—as a result of the fact that countries taken up in the analysis are not randomly sampled from all countries in the world; (2) it considers third-country effects that follow from the fact that China's relation with any two countries is affected by the relation between these countries themselves; and (3) it tests the impact of five political arrangements simultaneously, which is more comprehensive than any former study. By using data as to 78 of China's trade partners over the 1950–2002 period, this study provides empirical evidence for the hypotheses that the establishment of diplomatic relations, cooperation, visits of heads of states and political system similarity are associated with greater trade flows. The hypothesis that member countries of a Preferential Trading Agreement have had smaller trade flows with China, which is no member of any of these Preferential Trading Agreements, is not supported by the results.     

试析当代西方绿色政治理论的形成与影响

当代西方社会政治运动中出现了一种新兴思想流派——绿色政治理论。它随着环保运动的深入发展和绿党在西方政坛的崛起,对西方社会产生了越来越广泛的影响。它是在科学技术高度发展、地球生态环境急剧恶化、资本主义社会危机日益严重和世界和平运动深入开展的形势下产生的。这一理论对人类传统的价值理念、西方社会政治生活和政坛产生了巨大的冲击,对我国社会主义现代化建设也具有重要的借鉴意义     

中国式司法能动主义的政治文化成因——以陕西陇县“能动主义八四司法”模式为中心

司法是一种地方性实践。具有属地性,司法世界主义作为一个命题从本体论和方法论的角度都不能成立。近年来,陕西陇县法院在县委强力推动和上级法院的有力指导下。坚持“三个至上”指导思想,围绕为大局服务,为人民司法的工作主题,继承和发扬马锡五审判方式,积极弘扬人民司法优良传统,主动回应人民群众对法院工作的新需求、新期待,自觉承担社会责任,坚持司法专业化与大众化相结合。探索推行能动主义八四司法模式,建立了一村一法官工作机制,在制度设计中,着眼于定纷止争、维稳促和,不但解决了许多进入诉讼程序后我们可能解决不了、解决不好或解决后难以执行的案件。而且从源头上消除了一大批影响社会和谐稳定的因素。是一个有效的司法经验。