Identifying Miscarriages of Justice: Why Innocence in the UK is Not the Answer

This article examines two contrasting proposals for the reform of criminal appeals: the government's recent proposal that the guilty should no longer have their convictions quashed on 'technicalities'; and calls by campaigners for the Court of Appeal to consider innocence rather than the 'safety of the conviction,' together with their associated attempts to establish Innocence Projects in the UK. Despite the rhetorical power of 'innocence' as a campaigning tool, it is contended that to import such a standard into the legal system would be retrogressive and counter-productive, both as a safeguard against wrongful convictions and in protecting the integrity of the system. In order to be meaningful, due process protections must apply to all. The government's proposals attack this principle directly; innocence campaigners risk unwittingly assisting their endeavours.     

国际组织的隐含权力及其限制

常设国际法院和国际法院在对国际组织章程解释的实践中，发展出了国际组织具有隐含权力这样的理论。这一理论极大地促进了国际组织和国际组织法的发展。国际法院则在进一步的实践中，指出了隐含权力理论适用的限制。这有利于保持国际法体系特别是联合国体系的统一性和有效性。     

死刑限制而废止的程序之维--兼论"不杀不足以平民愤"

死刑制度是我国重要的刑罚制度,关于死刑存废问题学界一直都有诸多争论,大致可分为"限制"和"保留"两派观点.持保留观点的学者认为,目前废除死刑的社会物质条件尚不具备,新刑法从实体和程序两个方面对死刑做出的限制性规定,足可以最大程度上减少死刑的负面影响.然而在我国刑事司法程序保障严重缺失的情形下,加之舆论的牵制以及对民意的"高度重视",司法机关时常会作出"不杀不足以平民愤"回应.死刑的限制性规定在强大民意的压力下很难发挥出立法者们所期望的保障"少杀、慎杀"的功能.由限制而废除才是我国死刑制度的必走之路.     

论罗尔斯多元正义论的形成

罗尔斯的正义理论包括两个原则即平等自由原则和差别原则。他运用“词典式”序列说明了两个原则的优先关系。罗尔斯立足于当时的社会现实 ,集中批判了传统功利主义 ,从新自由主义立场出发来解决当代社会正义问题 ,形成多元正义论。     

当事人权利与法官权力的均衡分配——兼论民事诉讼的本质

程序自由主义之局限要求在当事人与法院之间重新分配程序控制权。当事人自主与法官职权在程序控制中的动态均衡 ,决定了不同诉讼结构、模式及其功能的差异。本文以英国民事诉讼中法官的职权作为考察模型 ,通过分析英国法官在民事诉讼中职权的强化、构成及特点 ,阐明了有关对抗制诉讼及程序控制权的普遍性误认 ,并就法官职权强化意味着对抗制终结之主张提出质疑 ,揭示了二大诉讼模式自我修正、不断靠近的融合趋势 ,并初步论及民事诉讼的本质。     

Moral Convictions Often Override Concerns About Procedural Fairness: A Reply to Napier and Tyler

Napier and Tyler (this issue) question whether moral convictions about outcomes really override the influence of procedural fairness (PF) on fairness judgments and decision acceptance. The empirical answer to this question is “yes.” When people have strong moral convictions about outcomes, perceptions of outcome fairness and decision acceptance are primarily shaped by whether the morally “correct” outcomes are achieved. Pre-decision perceptions of PF have surprisingly little or no effect on these judgments. That said, pre-outcome perceptions of PF sometimes predict post-outcome perceptions of PF, even when people have morally vested outcome preferences. We provide further details supporting the validity and superiority of our data analytic approach and argue that our original conclusions were justified.

Does procedural fairness matter for drug abusers to stop illicit drug use? Testing the applicability of the process-based model in a Chinese context

ABSTRACT

This study examined the influences of procedural fairness on Chinese drug users’ efforts to stop substance abuse, with a primary goal to test the applicability of the process-based model in the Chinese context. According to Tyler (1990 Tyler, T. (1990). Why people obey the law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. [Google Scholar], Why people obey the law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press), the core theoretical argument underpinning the process-based model is that if citizens consider the police to be fair in using their powers, they will view the police as legitimate and accordingly cooperate with the police and comply with the law. Using data from a sample of 202 Chinese drug users, this study found that procedural fairness has an indirect effect on drug users’ efforts to stop illicit drug use. Specifically, procedural fairness used by the police increased Chinese drug users’ efforts to stop substance abuse through its prior effects on drug users’ perceptions of police trustworthiness. These findings provide some support for the key arguments of the process-based model of regulation, and have important implications for the direction of efforts to encourage desistance-related behavior among substance abusers.     

关于恐怖活动、正义与自卫的一些想法

在20世纪90年代,那些自诩为"开化国家"建立了"国际关系的新规范",即他们有权动用武力去保护惨遭邪恶怪兽蹂躏的人们。任何熟悉历史的人都清楚,所谓"动用武力拯救被压迫人民"的规范革命决非什么新东西,而是欧洲帝国主义的老调重调和日本法西斯的花言巧语。美国及其盟国对南联盟的轰炸及对米诺什维奇的审判,中东政策,对国际恐怖主义的谴责和对阿富汗和伊拉克的反恐战争等等,都是他们这一游戏规则的范例。这些范例说明这一"规范"是强者制定的,也是符合强者利益的。     

转型期我国公共政策的价值取向论析

公共政策的价值取向问题是公共政策分析的基础理论问题。基于政策的公共性指向、市场经济体制业已初步确立及渐进改革累积的大量社会问题,转轨时期的公共政策的价值观应以社会公平为第一要义,以“公平基础上的效率”替代“效率基础上的公平,”塑造和维护社会公平,为社会和谐有序发展奠定基础。