风险控制与治理绩效：改革开放以来中国社会组织管理体制变迁的制度逻辑

在社会组织管理体制改革创新持续推进的背景下，从学理上解释国家对社会组织采取的混合治理策略具有重要的研究价值。论文尝试从国家建构社会的视角出发，以改革开放40年来社会组织管理体制的变迁过程为例证，运用“风险控制 治理绩效”的分析框架探讨社会组织管理体制变革的制度动因。研究认为，政府对于社会组织的制度设计表现为“约束”和“激励”的阶段性调整，其背后的制度逻辑是基于风险可控基础上的治理绩效；中央和地方政府对于社会组织的政策取向有一定的差异，总体表现为宏观避险与中观赋权。国家对社会组织的吸纳和赋权可以是共存状态，吸纳的另一面并非赋权，而是排斥和疏离。在社会组织治理进入“秩序思维代替稳定思维”的新阶段，各地政府在社会组织生态建设过程中需重点关注社会组织的分化生态。     

The Lethality of Female Suicide Bombers

Over the past 50 years, suicide bombings have become an increasingly common tactic of politically motivated violence, and a rising number of these attacks feature women perpetrators. Prior literature suggested that female-perpetrated suicide bombings occurring between 1985 through 2008 inflicted greater casualties, which may account in part for their increased use by terror groups. The current research project ascertains whether sex continues to predict the lethality of suicide bombing attacks perpetrated by terror groups over the decade leading up to 2016. The study utilizes secondary data sampled from the Global Terrorism Database (N?=?881) and the Chicago Project on Security and Threats (N?=?1,722). A negative binomial model regressing lethality against perpetrator and conflict covariates did not observe a statistically significant relationship between sex and lethality. Male and female suicide bombers demonstrated similar lethality in suicide bombing events between 2005 and 2016, although scatterplots suggest some aberration during the years 2009, 2010, and 2016. Pairwise comparisons of perpetrator sex by conflict observed some variation in the lethality of attacks, with female suicide bombers from Al Qaeda, the Islamic State of Iraq, and Iraqi rebel groups found more lethal than male suicide bombers from Boko Haram and the Nigerian rebels. The current research project contributes to the literature by demonstrating the evolving nature of terrorism and tactics relevant to the lethality of politically motivated violent attacks.     

中国民间组织的合法性困境

中国民间组织存在严重的合法律性问题,一方面,占总数80％以上的民间组织属于“非法存在”,另一方面,经过合法登记的民间组织也存在内部管理不善、财务混乱甚至违法犯罪等问题。从法律角度考察,民间组织的合法律性困境,直接地由执法部门的执法不能导致,归根结底由立法不当产生。现行的民间组织法规体系严重缺乏实效,处于正当性与合法律性均不足的困境中。解决民间组织的现实问题,需要尽快制定《民间组织法》,推进管理制度变革,从控制型管理转向培育型管理。     

日本妇女组织在伪满洲国的建立与活动

伪满洲国时期 ,日本妇女先后在中国东北建立了“全满妇人团体联合会”、“大日本爱国妇人会满洲本部”、“大日本国防妇人会满洲地方本部”3大组织 ,通过兴办“士兵之家”、慰问关东军士兵和伤病员、募捐和向军队寄赠慰问品等方式 ,支持日本帝国主义对中国东北的侵略 ,她们的活动反映了在军国主义思想的熏陶之下 ,日本国民对待战争的态度问题。     

农村集体经济组织成员资格标准的法律分析与实践

成员资格标准的法律缺失是农村集体经济组织内部征地补偿费等成员利益分配纠纷频发的主要原因。成员资格标准的法律缺失根源于农村集体经济组织的擅变和农村集体经济组织相关立法的逻辑障碍。通过立法完善成员资格标准时,应以在本集体内生产、生活的状态和对本集体土地利益的生存依赖作为基本依据,淡化户口对于认定成员资格的作用。在此基础上,本文以天津高级人民法院的规定为基础,提出一个农村集体经济组织成员资格标准立法的建议方案.     

Private Military Contractors,Crime, and the Terrain of Unaccountability

Criminological research has traditionally attempted to explain the etiological factors of crime and then suggest appropriate controls. More often than not, the foci of this kind of work have remained on “street crime.” Since the 1990s, however, some scholars have turned their attention to the causal factors of corporate crime, state crime, crimes of globalization, supranational crimes, and their various permutations and interconnections. Clearly missing from this literature is the growing phenomenon of private military contractors (PMCs) and the crimogenic culture of and atmosphere within which they operate. Specifically, while the use of PMCs is rapidly growing, the increasing propensity for PMC's crimogenic culture and the unregulated nature of what has become a global industry is rarely studied by social scientists. Further, few criminologists have examined this area of research by applying criminological theory to explain the growth and emergence of PMCs. Our goal is to help fill this gap. Through the process of theory building and refinement we identify factors that facilitate the criminogenic environment within which PMCs operate. Additionally, without attempting to expand explanatory and causal mechanisms, policies aimed at reducing PMC criminality and social justice for their victims cannot be developed. As such, we draw from theoretical developments in state and state‐corporate crime, social disorganization, and anomie literature to shed light on key factors associated with PMCs, namely, the crimogenic atmosphere within which they operate.     

传统中国的多元共治与伦理法制——兼论重塑多元共治

传统中国形成了一元化的行政管理与多元化社会基层组织自我管理有机结合的多元共治机制,这是出于社会环境的必然选择。在多元共治中,国家着眼于指导思想、文化背景、法制保障等方面建设,而具体的、细化的甚至是琐碎的管理事务则由基层社会组织完成。基层社会组织通过民间规约实现自我管理。伦理法制为维护基层组织权威和社会共同价值文化提供法制保障。创新社会管理在某种意义上亦是抹不去的历史回归。     

Mandated justice: The potential promise and possible pitfalls of mandating procedural justice in the workplace

This study addresses the question of whether and how legal authorities ought to intervene in work organizations in order to most effectively regulate the behavior of employees. This question is examined empirically, by exploring whether the association between the level of fairness employees experience in procedures regarding pay and benefits, and their adherence to workplace rules, differs depending upon whether those procedures are enacted by companies voluntarily or mandated by law. This question was addressed using both a survey of a representative sample of employees in Israel, as well as their reactions to an experimental vignette. The results generally suggest that evaluations of the procedural justice of performance appraisal hearings more strongly influenced judgments of overall workplace fairness, perceptions of management legitimacy, and employee rule‐adherence behavior when employees believed fairer workplace procedures were required by law.     

国际组织在政策转移中的作用研究——以UNDP参与中国小额信贷政策为例

随着中国逐渐成为国际治理结构中的重要组成部分,国际组织反过来在中国政策变迁中也扮演着越来越重要的角色。本文通过辨析超国家组织的"超国家性"和国际组织的"国际性",提出了国际组织在跨国政策转移过程中的特殊作用。在实证上,文章研究了联合国发展计划署(UNDP)在中国小额信贷政策制定中的作用。UNDP在最近十多年间有策略地向中国政府推介小额信贷扶贫政策的过程中扮演着信息传播者、政策试验室和政策顾问三方面角色。另外,国际组织在对发展中国家的政策转移的消极影响主要表现为对发展中国家的政策主权和政策价值的冲击。     

公共服务提供中的NGO及其与政府关系之研究

本文主要探讨的是在公共服务提供中的NGO及其定位与作用,以及在公共服务提供领域的NGO与政府间关系。关于NGO在公共服务提供中的定位主要表现为:参与公共服务的提供,提升政府的公信力;承担社会责任,提供就业机会;以及维护社会稳定:降低政府风险与责任等。在公共服务的提供中NGO与政府之关系主要表现为:合作与支持的关系;竞争与冲突的关系以及管理与监督的关系。此外本文也探讨了新时期—网络时代中国政府与NGO之关系表现为NGO利用网络问政和监督政府管理,参与和影响政府政策的制定,利用网络进行沟通与协作,以及对政府职能的有效补充和影响公众、网络舆情等。