人体基因财产权研究——“人格性财产权”的证成与施用

按照经典权利理论中人/物、人格权/财产权的二元界分逻辑,人体基因作为整全的人身的组成部分,处于人格权的保护之下,被禁止用于谋利性交易。然而,随着基因科技的发展及基因的产业化应用,人/物的界限被内移到了人自身,人体基因也日益外化而具有独立的经济价值。当基因科技的施为力量已在某种程度上消弭了经典权利理论所依仗的人/物二元界分的基础时,试图非此即彼地以人格权或财产权来界定人体基因的法律属性,都不会实现关于基因利益的公平分配和确保人格不被减等的结果。问题的出路,似乎在于在人格权和财产权的混同处,提出一个新的人格性财产权的范畴界定人体基因的法律属性,并综合运用人格权和财产权的保护机制来保障基因资源提供者的利益。     

Race-Based Peremptory Challenges: An Empirical Analysis of Litigation from the U.S. Court of Appeals, 2002–2006

This paper examines race-based peremptory challenges. Such challenges occur during the voir dire jury selection process. The process allows both the defense and the prosecution to strike jurors who they believe will not decide cases fairly. However, in the case of Batson v. Kentucky 476 U.S. 79 (1986), the Supreme Court ruled that race could not be used as a factor in eliminating prospective jurors. This paper examines federal litigation for five years in which it was alleged that race was used as a factor in removing a juror. An examination of the cases revealed that most of the cases involved sole male litigants who allege that there were multiple race-based peremptory challenges used in their cases. Moreover, most of the cases that led to the allegations involved violent offenses. Other case characteristics are noted, but of most significance was the finding that most appellants lost their cases. As such, the courts felt that most of the challenges were, in fact, race neutral. The implications of this research are discussed. This study was funded by an undergraduate research grant from Penn State University.     

PCR-DGGE法检测浮游生物16S rDNA在溺死鉴定中的应用

目的建立并评估PCR-DGGE法检测浮游生物对溺死鉴定的应用价值。方法大白兔30只随机分为3组:溺死组(n=12),死后抛尸组(n=12)和对照组(n=6);溺死组和死后抛尸组又分为2个亚组:东湖水域组(n=6)和墨水湖水域组(n=6)。死后提取心血和肺、肝、肾、脑等组织,匀浆后,采用Percoll密度梯度离心法分离浮游生物并提取其DNA,PCR扩增浮游生物特异的16S rDNA片段后分别用琼脂糖凝胶电泳及DGGE检测分析。2个溺死案例检材同法检验。结果溺死组各组织器官中浮游生物检测多呈阳性:肺(100%)、肝(83%)、肾(75%)、心血(83%)、脑(42%);死后抛尸组仅2例肺组织(16.7%)检出阳性;对照组全部阴性。溺尸肺组织DGGE分型图谱与相应溺死点水样分型图谱相似,而与非溺死点水样分型结果差异显著。2实际案例均呈阳性。结论本方法不仅有助于定性诊断溺死,而且通过比较产物的多样性可以推断溺死地点,在法医学溺死鉴定中具有较大实用价值。     

Two examples of null alleles at the D19S433 locus due to the same 4 bp deletion in the presumptive primer binding site of the AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit

Two cases of allelic loss at the D19S433 locus after multiplex PCR with the AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit (Applied Biosystems) are described. In both cases the failure of PCR resulted in genetic inconsistencies due to opposite homozygosity. After singleplex PCR with published primers additional alleles were observed and Mendelian inheritance was restored. These PCR products were sequenced and in both cases the same 4 bp deletion near the 3′ end of the repeat region was detected in two alleles of different length. The frequency of these null alleles (two events in 1026 allelic transfers) amounts to 0.0019 (95% confidence limits: 0.0002-0.0070).     

三江白猪Hal基因型及其血液生化指标的测定

随机选取216头三江白猪,提取基因组DNA进行聚合酶链式反应,获得了氟烷基因(Hal)特异片段,测得其显性等位基因HalN的基因频率为92.13%,隐性等位基因Haln的基因频率为7.87%。然后对不同氟烷基因型三江白猪的14项血液生化指标进行了测定,结果表明:HalNHalN基因型三江白猪的葡萄糖含量、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性与HalNHaln、HalnHaln基因型的相应指标之间差异显著(P<0.05),HalNHaln与HalnHaln两指标之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3种基因型之间乳酸脱氢酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、胆碱酯酶、碱性磷酸酶活性以及总胆固醇、总胆红素、总蛋白、白蛋白、钙、磷、甘油三酯、肌酐含量差异显著(P<0.05)。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒四川分离株N基因DNA免疫质粒的构建

采用SDS 蛋白酶K法抽提鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)四川分离株SAIBWJ的基因组RNA,参照基因库中的N基因序列设计了1对引物,扩增出了单一的DNA产物。将该产物插入pUC18载体的HindⅢ和BamHⅠ酶切位点,构建了pUC NWJ质粒。序列测定结果表明,获得的克隆质粒包含了全部N基因。再将N基因亚克隆到pcDNA3.1( )载体的HindⅢ和XhoⅠ酶切位点,构建了IBVSAIBWJN基因的DNA免疫质粒pcDNA NWJ。     

一些常见药物在ODS柱上的分离

应用高效液相色谱技术,进行药物的分离、分析已有很多报导。为了在尽可能简便的条件下.较为有效地进行一些药物,主要是弱极性结构药物的初步判断,我们采用 ODS 柱做了些探索。对于一些常见药物,如巴比妥类、安定类、解热镇痛类及某些抗菌素类药物均能观察到较为满意的分离效果。     

我国规模化肉牛场牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病流行状况监测

从山东、河南和河北省的６个规模化肉牛场随机采肉牛血清８９份，直肠粪拭子１６５份，分别用微量细胞中和试验和双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒检测牛病毒性腹泻粘膜病（ＢＶＤＭＤ）的抗体和抗原。诊断结果：ＢＶＤＭＤ中和抗体阳性率为４６．２％～６５．０％；ＢＶＤＭＤ病毒抗原阳性检出率为５．１％～７７．２％。从而证实我国中原地区肉牛群中存在有ＢＶＤＭＤ。     

狐狸奇异变形杆菌的分离与鉴定

无菌采取病死狐狸内脏,用LB液体培养基和麦康凯琼脂平板培养,分离到1株细菌,通过对该菌的形态特征、培养特性、生化特性进行分析,初步鉴定为变形杆菌。用PCR方法扩增该分离菌株的16 SrRNA基因,结果获得大小为1 539 bp的DNA片段(已登录GenBank,登录号EU643833)。经BLAST分析,结果表明,该分离株的16 S rRNA基因核苷酸序列与GenBank上登录的奇异变形杆菌分离株(AY820623、EF091150)的同源性为99.7%,证实该分离菌株为狐狸奇异变形杆菌,并命名为HU/08。致病性试验证明,该分离菌株对小白鼠有高致病性;毒素测定试验证明,该分离菌培养液的无菌滤液对小白鼠无毒性作用。     

石胆酸诱发豚鼠胆囊炎动物模型的病理学研究

以酶病理组织化学方法结合胆汁生化分析，研究了石胆酸（ＬＣＡ）诱发豚鼠胆囊炎和胆结石的形成过程中，肝胆系统内源性β葡萄糖苷酸酶（βＧＣＤ）、酸性粘多糖及多种胆汁成分的变化。结果表明，ＬＣＡ能造成肝损伤，引起豚鼠增生性胆囊炎病变；肝和胆囊中内源性βＧＣＤ活性明显升高；胆汁βＧＣＤ含量显著升高，且与ＵＣＢ／ＴＢ比值显著正相关。