Mortgaging Security for Economic Gain: U.S. Arms Policy in an Insecure World

Similar to other consumer sectors of the global economy, the transfer of advanced conventional weapons and military technologies has entered the globalization process, a process that has qualitatively and quantitatively altered the composition and structure of U.S. national security policymaking. By injecting the decisionmaking process governing arms transfers into the global market place, U.S. policy makers must now reconcile maintaining economic competitiveness within the global system without jeopardizing U.S. national security interests. By subordinating national security interests to global economic imperatives, U.S. decisionmakers are at risk of mortgaging the political, societal, and security welfare of its citizenry for profit.     

The Confluence of Domestic and International Interests: U.S. Policy Toward Cuba, 1998–2001

This article examines the confluence of forces at work to shape U.S. policy toward Cuba since the late 1990s. Our approach examines four key factors involved in policymaking toward Cuba in this period: (1) the entry of new interest groups into the Cuba policy process and an "entrepreneurial" Congress; (2) the executive's constitutionally based interests; (3) bureaucratic interests; and (4) pressure from outside the United States. We examine U.S.–Cuba policy by describing each determinant in isolation and then by looking at the dynamic interaction among them, showing how they are linked together. In doing so, we argue that an analysis including multiple factors better explains U.S. policy toward Cuba than one that focuses on a single factor such as the power of the Cuban-American community.     

口蹄疫病毒VP2基因的真核表达及其产物抗原性的检测

利用PCR技术,扩增出口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)VP2基因,并克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pBlueBacHis2A上。用重组质粒pB-VP2与重组病毒同时转染sf9昆虫细胞,获得了重组病毒。经过蚀斑筛选纯化后,感染sf9细胞,表达VP2融合蛋白,分子质量为33 ku左右。以牛抗O型FMDV血清为第一抗体,通过Western-blotting和Dot-ELISA鉴定,说明VP2基因在真核表达系统中获得正确表达,且可以与牛抗O型FMDV血清发生特异性反应。     

广东省猪源葡萄球菌耐药性分析及多重耐药基因cfr的流行现状

为了解2013-2017年间广东省猪源葡萄球菌的耐药情况及多重耐药基因cfr的流行现状,采集生猪养殖场和交易市场猪鼻腔拭子分离葡萄球菌,采用琼脂稀释法测定分离菌株对14种抗菌药物的敏感性,并用PCR检测mecA和cfr基因的携带情况。结果显示,在采集的4099份样品中分离到葡萄球菌1485株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌173株。猪源葡萄球菌对红霉素、四环素、泰妙菌素、克林霉素、沃尼妙林和氟苯尼考耐药严重,耐药率分别为91.0%、90.2%、87.7%、84.6%、84.6%及82.0%,对利福平和利奈唑胺相对敏感,未发现万古霉素耐药菌株;庆大霉素、四环素、红霉素和环丙沙星的耐药率呈现逐年上升的趋势。在1485株葡萄球菌中,mecA和cfr的检出率分别为39.9%和12.3%。cfr阳性菌株常携带多种耐药基因,cfr基因的遗传背景也呈现多样化。结果表明,广东省猪源葡萄球菌的耐药情况严重,cfr的检出率高,应加强养殖业中抗菌药物的规范和合理使用,减缓耐药性的产生和传播。     

The Future of Consumer Web Data: A European/US Perspective

The article considers the subject of clickstream data from aEuropean/US perspective, taking into account the Data ProtectionFramework (Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC; Directive onPrivacy and Electronic Communications 2002/58/EC) and the USlegal framework and in particular, the Wiretap Act U.S.C. 2701(2004) and related statutes. It examines the extent to whichclickstream data is considered "personal data" within the DataProtection Directive and the implications to consumers and businesses.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒四川分离株N基因DNA免疫质粒的构建

采用SDS 蛋白酶K法抽提鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)四川分离株SAIBWJ的基因组RNA,参照基因库中的N基因序列设计了1对引物,扩增出了单一的DNA产物。将该产物插入pUC18载体的HindⅢ和BamHⅠ酶切位点,构建了pUC NWJ质粒。序列测定结果表明,获得的克隆质粒包含了全部N基因。再将N基因亚克隆到pcDNA3.1( )载体的HindⅢ和XhoⅠ酶切位点,构建了IBVSAIBWJN基因的DNA免疫质粒pcDNA NWJ。     

CELO病毒fiber1基因部分片段的原核表达及抗原性鉴定

根据鸡胚致死孤儿(CELO)病毒Phelps株的fiber1基因(GenBank序列号U46933)序列设计了1对引物,采用PCR扩增CELO病毒fiber1基因C端(包含Knobs区)的部分片段,并将其克隆到质粒表达载体pGEX6p1,获得的阳性克隆命名为pGEXAF807。序列分析表明,所获得的DNA片段核苷酸序列与CELO病毒Phelps株的fiber1基因序列完全一致。将pGEXAF807转化大肠埃希氏菌DH5α,经37℃、0.6mmol/LIPTG诱导表达5h,SDSPAGE分析超声裂解后的上清和沉淀。结果显示,目的蛋白以包涵体形式存在,蛋白分子质量约为54.6ku,目的蛋白量占菌体总蛋白的35.7%。用CELO病毒多克隆血清做Westernblotting试验,结果表明目的蛋白具有较好的抗原活性。     

铜对生长猪肝中IGF-Ⅰ基因mRNA表达的影响

采用生长试验、免疫放射分析和定量PCR方法,观察了生长猪血液中类胰岛素生长因子(IGF-I)及其结合蛋白(IGFBP3)数量的变化和IGF-I基因在肝中表达量的变化。结果显示, 每1 kg饲料中添加125-250 mg铜,能够上调IGF-I基因的表达量,显著提高猪的平均日增重,促进生长猪循环血液中IGF-I浓度的增加。试验结果证实,铜是通过促进生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子轴相关因子的合成和分泌来发挥促生长作用的。     

三江白猪Hal基因型及其血液生化指标的测定

随机选取216头三江白猪,提取基因组DNA进行聚合酶链式反应,获得了氟烷基因(Hal)特异片段,测得其显性等位基因HalN的基因频率为92.13%,隐性等位基因Haln的基因频率为7.87%。然后对不同氟烷基因型三江白猪的14项血液生化指标进行了测定,结果表明:HalNHalN基因型三江白猪的葡萄糖含量、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性与HalNHaln、HalnHaln基因型的相应指标之间差异显著(P<0.05),HalNHaln与HalnHaln两指标之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3种基因型之间乳酸脱氢酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、胆碱酯酶、碱性磷酸酶活性以及总胆固醇、总胆红素、总蛋白、白蛋白、钙、磷、甘油三酯、肌酐含量差异显著(P<0.05)。     

卢梭与密尔自由观的再比较——在人本主义的视野下

卢梭与密尔的自由理论是自由主义传统的重要组成部分。尽管传统批判将二者分别划入“积极自由”与“消极自由”的范畴中进行比较和针砭,但是却忽视了在个人主义核心价值下二者的共同面向——以人为本。而肯定人的主动性和反省理论化的背离成为这种共同面向的具体表征。