蓝舌病的流行现状

论述了蓝舌病在全球(包括欧洲、中东、北非及其他地区)的流行现状,并分析了蓝舌病的流行原因,另外对该病流行病学研究的新方法进行了描述。提出,应加强对疫区原有血清型及新血清型毒株的流行病学监测及对健康动物实施适当免疫。     

减毒鸡白痢沙门氏菌ΔcrpC79-13株的构建及其对雏鸡的免疫活性

为构建鸡白痢沙门氏菌C79-13株Δcrp基因缺失突变株,并初步观察ΔcrpC79-13缺失菌株作为活疫苗对雏鸡的免疫活性,将含缺失320bp crp基因的重组自杀性质粒pREΔcrp与C79-13进行接合转移,两步法筛选出无抗性标记的ΔcrpC79-13缺失菌株;通过半数致死量测定其毒力;给4日龄雏鸡口服免疫缺失菌株,在不同时间点根据胸腺、法氏囊、脾等免疫器官发育和平均日增重、外周血淋巴细胞转化试验、Griess法NO测定及血清IgG动态观察免疫水平。结果显示ΔcrpC79-13的毒力较C79-13降低约99.6%(LD50>5.0×109CFU);雏鸡接种ΔcrpC79-13(1.0×109 CFU/只)后不影响雏鸡生长,第14～21天体内特异性细胞和体液免疫水平达到最高。表明成功构建了减毒鸡白痢沙门氏菌ΔcrpC79-13株,其毒力显著降低,免疫雏鸡安全,具有良好的免疫活性。     

文化立法研究：共识、争议、进展及其评判

尽管我们已经对应该加快文化立法、提高文化建设法制化水平达成了共识,但就文化立法的基本原则、文化立法的内涵外延及文化法的体系构成等诸问题仍然存在多元化的认识。通过对文化事业立法和文化产业立法各自研究进路和研究实践的考察,我们可以发现,当前的文化立法研究在结构上呈现不平衡态势,法制视角和法学方法尚未得到普遍关注和运用,迄今也未勾勒出文化法制的完整的顶层设计方案。     

The Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018: Updating the Federal Approach to Youth Involved,and At‐Risk of Becoming Involved,in the Juvenile Justice System

On December 21, 2018, the Juvenile Justice Reform Act was signed into law, marking the first update in 16 years to the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as amended. The reforms reflect much of the knowledge that has been gained through research and science over the past decade and strengthen the Act’s core protections for youth in the juvenile justice system. The changes also expand the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’s role in research, and technical assistance, and provide for additional oversight for related programs.     

Criminal history and social disadvantage as predictors of the severity of violent offending

ABSTRACT

Lethal violence is often seen as the tip of the iceberg and homicide perpetrators are seen as manifesting the most extreme number of various risk factors. This article explores whether that is the case. Using a unique data set combining data from several administrative registers with a nationally representative sample of different types of police-reported violence committed during 2010–2011 (N = 26,303 offenders) in Finland, we compare the offenders of five different types of violence (minor assault, assault, aggravated assault, attempted homicide, and completed homicide). In addition, we examine the association between the severity of violence and prior criminal history and different types of strain. The results give partial support to the hypothesis: the more serious the violence, the more crime prone and socially disadvantaged the offender. Yet, lethal offenders do not stand out alone; the division, rather, appears to be between offenders of serious (aggravated assault, attempted homicide, completed homicide) and less serious (minor assault, assault) forms of violence.     

《国际备用证惯例》中通知人之法律地位及其权责探悉

与《跟单信用证统一惯例 (1993年修订 )》相比 ,《国际备用证惯例》中通知人有着独特的法律地位和权利义务 ,在实践中通知人应当注意防范风险。     

论国际法上的国家身份建构

国家不仅是一种建立在实效性原则上的实体,也是一种国际主体身份的建构与认同。国际社会里的共识观念、秩序和规则对国家身份的建构有着极为重要的作用,但在现代国际社会里所逐步形成并可把握运用的主要是一些基本的框架和原则。而建立在客观基础上博弈互动的承认则对国家身份建构具有重要的构成性质、意义和作用。国家作为一种主体身份是可以独立存在和传承、延续的。因而,把实效性要素与主权要素等非实效性要素相结合的国家身份建构是恰当合理的,国家身份的建构不能简单地依靠国际法规则的制订与完善,它只能是在一定的国际法框架、原则基础上由各种因素复杂博弈而成。     

Responses to Gender Inequality in the Division of Family Work: The Status Quo Effect

This study addresses responses to gender inequality in the division of family work as well as the outcomes of those responses. Ninety-eight husbands and 95 wives responded to stimulus information manipulated by means of scenarios. Participants reported more wife-demand/husband-withdraw interaction than husband-demand/wife-withdraw interaction when the wife was discontent with her spouse's contribution to family work, but the demand/withdraw interaction patterns were reported equally when the husband was discontent. The data showed support for the Status Quo Effect Hypothesis: The likelihood that the spouse's contribution to family work remained unchanged (i.e., status quo maintenance) was rated higher than the likelihood that the spouse would increase his/her contribution to family work. In line with this, when the wife was discontent, wife-demand/husband-withdraw interaction was negatively related to the likelihood that the spouse would do more family work. Finally, participants reported a greater likelihood for discontent spouses than for content spouses to increase their own contribution, but discontent husbands were more likely to do so than discontent wives.     

农村留守妻子家庭地位的性别考察

农村中“男工女耕”的分工模式、“丈夫外出,妻子留守”已是普遍现象,这种新的分工模式是否提高与改善了农村妇女的家庭地位,是值得我们关注的。经过考察、分析发现,这一新的分工模式并没有从根上改善农村妇女的家庭地位,而只是再现了性别不平等关系。因此,我们应对如何提高留守妻子这一群体的家庭地位提出相应的对策。     

The methods and measures of centrography and the spatial dynamics of rape

Technique known as centrography are presented in order to demonstrate their utility for describing and measuring the salient features of a spatial distribution and for facilitating temporal and comparative analyses in discerning trends and contrasting spatial distributions of crime. Centrographic techniques are applied to a 5-year data set of lone-assailant rapes classified by type of offender. The results indicate that different classes of offenders have relatively distinctive spatial distributions. Moreover, changes in the spatial distributions of offender classes, through time, are not uniform.