Responses to Gender Inequality in the Division of Family Work: The Status Quo Effect

This study addresses responses to gender inequality in the division of family work as well as the outcomes of those responses. Ninety-eight husbands and 95 wives responded to stimulus information manipulated by means of scenarios. Participants reported more wife-demand/husband-withdraw interaction than husband-demand/wife-withdraw interaction when the wife was discontent with her spouse's contribution to family work, but the demand/withdraw interaction patterns were reported equally when the husband was discontent. The data showed support for the Status Quo Effect Hypothesis: The likelihood that the spouse's contribution to family work remained unchanged (i.e., status quo maintenance) was rated higher than the likelihood that the spouse would increase his/her contribution to family work. In line with this, when the wife was discontent, wife-demand/husband-withdraw interaction was negatively related to the likelihood that the spouse would do more family work. Finally, participants reported a greater likelihood for discontent spouses than for content spouses to increase their own contribution, but discontent husbands were more likely to do so than discontent wives.     

农村留守妻子家庭地位的性别考察

农村中“男工女耕”的分工模式、“丈夫外出,妻子留守”已是普遍现象,这种新的分工模式是否提高与改善了农村妇女的家庭地位,是值得我们关注的。经过考察、分析发现,这一新的分工模式并没有从根上改善农村妇女的家庭地位,而只是再现了性别不平等关系。因此,我们应对如何提高留守妻子这一群体的家庭地位提出相应的对策。     

The methods and measures of centrography and the spatial dynamics of rape

Technique known as centrography are presented in order to demonstrate their utility for describing and measuring the salient features of a spatial distribution and for facilitating temporal and comparative analyses in discerning trends and contrasting spatial distributions of crime. Centrographic techniques are applied to a 5-year data set of lone-assailant rapes classified by type of offender. The results indicate that different classes of offenders have relatively distinctive spatial distributions. Moreover, changes in the spatial distributions of offender classes, through time, are not uniform.     

Attributions for fair exchange outcomes: The effects of power and status

This study focuses on how two fundamental social factors, structural power position and social status, affect attributions for relatively common, non-problematic exchange outcomes. We argue that the relative power and statuses of dyad members activate expectations of competence which in turn shape attributions in the situation. Subjects assumed the role of a typist described in a vignette of a transaction between a typist and a student needing a paper typed. We manipulated power positions in the vignette by varying the value and availability of the resource each actor desired; subject's sex and that of the fictive student represented social statuses. Despite the typicality of the exchange situation, results indicated that status and, to some extent power, created variation in the strength of attributions for the exchange outcome. Females, presumably expected to be more competent typists, made stronger self-attributions for the typing payment than males. Similarly, those in high power positions tended to attribute the payment more to themselves than occupants of low power positions.     

中国古代的外室现象与妇女地位

外室本是指那些未经媒妁之言而与男子同居的妇女,后来便成为男子私下偷娶的姬妾的专称。这种现象产生于魏晋,盛行于隋唐,两宋以后变成公开合法。一夫多妻是我国封建社会合法的婚姻制度,男子大可不必偷娶外室,但由于某些原因,外室现象在中国古代还颇为流行,成为婚姻生活中的一个重要组成部分,对家庭对社会都产生了一定的影响。本文系统论述了外室现象的产生和发展的历史,从另一个角度论证了中国妇女地位的变迁。     

中国大陆与台湾刑法罚金刑比较

作为一种财产刑,罚金刑在我国大陆刑法的刑罚体系中占据重要地位,与我国台湾刑法中的罚金刑制度相比较,大陆刑法有关罚金刑的诸多规定还有待完善。通过对两岸罚金刑制度的简要比较,寻求大陆罚金刑制度的改革方向,完善罚金刑制度的具体设计。     

如何推动中欧关系深入发展

过去3年中欧关系是绘制蓝图和确立目标时期,目前中欧关系已进入勇于解决问题和实现雄心壮志的阶段。双方应抓住谈判签署新的合作协定的机会,将战略伙伴关系定义为“贸易战略伙伴 全球负责任伙伴”。这是介于普通的合作伙伴和军事结盟之间、基于二者间的合作对于双方本身以及全球问题均具有战略影响的一种新型伙伴关系。中国在与欧盟发展战略伙伴关系时要把握欧洲的特殊性,认识到欧盟是一个特殊和复杂的国际行为体,并对其内部的差异性做到心中有数。解决武器禁售问题需要外交技巧,中国应主动与欧盟一道共同影响和改变美国的态度。市场经济地位问题的解决则有赖于中欧经贸关系大背景的改善。     

关于公安指挥中心重新定位的思考——首都警方警务指挥体系改革实践的启示

首都警方“加强勤务指挥工作推进社会治安整体防控体系建设”的工作思路,是关于指挥中心重新定位的实践性探索。重新确定指挥中心的地位是社会治安整体防控体系建设的需要,指挥调度作用对象的调整表明指挥中心的职责范围有了重大突破,指挥中心地位及职责范围的重新界定必然要求建立新的运行机制。     

论高等学校与学生的法律关系

随着一些教育领域的行政复议和行政诉讼案的出现,法学界、教育学界等学术界人士也开始从学理上探讨高等学校与学生的关系。高等学校与学生的法律关系既不是典型的行政法律关系,也不是典型的民事法律关系,而是一种结构复杂的具有多重属性的复合型法律关系,总体上是基于教育与受教育的活动而形成的教育关系。     

泰国北部的云南穆斯林--秦和人

“秦和人”一词 ,是泰语对历史上形成并生活在泰国北部清迈、清莱一带祖籍云南的回汉两族侨胞的统称 ,19世纪后 ,被当时旅居东南亚地区的西方殖民官员、探险家和传教士按泰语北部方言拼写成Cin -Ho/Chin -Ho ,或简称为Ho/Haw/Hor,大量进入其日记、札记、信函和旅行报告中。但由于云南回族马帮商人前往泰北的时间最早 ,商贸活动最频繁 ,移居时间最早 ,所占人数最多 ,因此西方文献和今天泰语中惯称的所谓“秦和人” ,又主要专指云南籍回族穆斯林。清迈府县城乡共有 9个秦和穆斯林区 ,阿拉伯语和汉语是他们的主要语言 ,清迈府城的王和街浓缩了云南籍的秦和人移居泰国北部的历史 ,现已成为以云南籍回族穆斯林为主的秦和人在今日泰国社会存在的一种文化象征。