加快发展社会中介组织 迎接WTO后时代挑战

社会中介组织对社会的组织化程度和社会、经济运行效率及管理的科学性都有重要的作用和影响。发展社会中介组织既是市场经济条件下降低交易成本和我国加入WTO与国际接轨的需要,也是政企分开、转变政府职能的关键性措施,因而是调整国家与社会关系、走向现代化的重要步骤。目前我国社会中介组织的发展面临种种问题,应当制定和采取相应对策。     

试论当代中国社会阶层构成新变化的原因及其走向

自1978年以来,当代中国社会阶层构成发生了重大变化,市场化改革和知识经济化是其变化的深层原因。与西方发达国家相比较,当代中国急需构建橄榄型的社会结构形态,这是今后20年我国全面建设小康社会的目标之一。     

社会心理学与精神分析学及其后现代转向

社会心理学的孕育、产生和发展过程,得益于许多学科或知识领域的推动。尤其值得注意的是,它首先与现代精神分析学及作为其重要知识来源之一的精神病学之间存在着深刻的不解之缘。精神分析学在自身发展过程中的每一次重大进展都会对社会心理学的理论和方法产生不同的影响。精神分析学在20世纪下半叶发生的后现代转向,也或早或晚地涉入到社会心理学有关领域的发展中。其中一个重要结果就是后现代社会心理学的出现。后现代精神分析学既从心理学理论层面又从哲学认识论和方法论层面提供了孕育后现代社会心理学的动因。     

试论警察院校学生心理健康教育体系的构建

目前警察院校学生的心理健康问题比较严重,构建心理健康教育体系很有必要。整个心理健康教育体系应由心理健康教育目标、心理健康教育内容和心理健康教育方法等子体系构成。同时,为了保证警察院校学生心理健康教育的顺利进行,还需要建立、健全心理健康教育的领导管理、运作和环境保障机制。     

Livelihood strategies and performance of Ghana's health and education sectors: exploring the connections

The public sector in Africa is riddled with widespread ineffectiveness. Although some countries have implemented various reform programmes with the support of international development agencies, the results so far have been disappointing. One reason for the failure is that the policies have focussed more on achieving macroeconomic stability than making the organisations effective. This article explores a fundamental problem of the policies—the need to focus on the human component of organisational performance. Using education and health organisations in Ghana as examples, the article advances a hypothesis that the livelihood strategies of public sector employees and the performance of their organisations are interconnected. Specifically, it is argued that as public sector employees have become more dependent on multiple sources of income, they have developed multiple social identities, which influence the culture of their organisations. The organisational culture may have encouraged employee effectiveness in some cases, but for most organisations, it has resulted in practices that perpetuate inefficiency and poor performance. To be successful, public sector reform policies must therefore involve deliberate efforts to change organisational cultures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Elite and Everyday Social Contracts in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Pathways to Forging a National Social Contract?

ABSTRACT

The Dayton Peace Agreement ended the violence in Bosnia–Herzegovina, however, it also solidified antagonistic political identities leading to the creation of two social contracts: an ‘elite social contract’ involving primarily political elites of the main ethnic groups and an ‘everyday social contract’ involving ordinary citizens trying to manage a complex social and economic environment. The first social contract is hegemonic, however, alternative, non-nationalist views are slowly emerging. Grassroots groups, the surviving remnants of inter-ethnic coexistence, the integrating pull of market forces and the presence of a large diaspora all constitute resources for the creation of a resilient national social contract.     

B. F. Skinner's utopian vision: behind and beyond walden two

This paper addresses B. F. Skinner's utopian vision for enhancing social justice and human well‐being as it was introduced in his 1948 novel, Walden Two. In the first part, we address the historical, intellectual, and social context that situates the book in the utopian genre, the critiques of its premises and practices, and the fate of intentional communities patterned on the book. In the second part, we review practices in Skinner's book that advance social justice and human well‐being under the themes of health, wealth, and wisdom, and then focus on contemporary practices that are the legacy of his vision. His vision was neither the a priori truth of a particular premise about human behavior or a necessary practice (blueprint) for an intentional community but rather the use of empirical methods to discover premises and practices that work to advance the health, wealth, and wisdom of individuals and survival of the culture.     

日本社会教育的概念研究

明治维新后，伴随着近代学校教育制度的诞生，日本的社会教育也应运而生。本研究不仅考证了社会教育在日本的由来，确认了社会教育乃日本明治以后出现的特有的教育形态；并从教化型、民主型、终身型等三方面厘清了日本不同历史时期学者对社会教育的多元界定；而且对日本的社会教育和社会事业、社会政策、国家教育、国民教育、家庭教育、学校教育、终身教育、终身学习、成人教育、社区教育等相关概念的区别与联系进行了辨析。在此基础上，归纳了日本社会教育概念的五个特征，即丰富多样性、暧昧模糊性、服务主体性、法律健全性、实践追求性等。     

社会管理模式检讨与“适切”原则——基于当代中国社会结构的亚稳态现状

三十多年的改革开放和社会发展使中国社会结构、社会特征发生了深刻变化,社会基本态势已从稳定态向亚稳定态转变.传统社会管理模式的粗放、被动、无序、低效、线性、一维等方法已经远不能适应社会结构的变化.基于“适切”原则的社会管理模式应在社会信仰、协商机制、基层建设、问责制度和网络舆情等方面进行全面转型和创新.     

守正、发展与创新:“十四五”时期医疗保障的完善思路

人口结构、就业形态、新时代的健康政策与脱贫攻坚任务、技术发展等宏观环境,为“十四五”时期医疗保障的发展提供了机遇也提出了挑战。立足“十一五”到“十三五”医疗保障从无到有、从制度全民覆盖到实践全民覆盖、待遇水平持续提升、各项机制跨越式发展等发展脉络,“十四五”时期医疗保障的发展思路应定位于守正、发展与创新。第一,坚守公平共享与切实保障的发展理念;第二,回应健康需求与不平衡、不充分的医保制度现状,在待遇保障、筹资机制、支付方式、基金监管等方面补短板、强弱项;第三,直面新形势的新挑战,在新业态人员参保、大病保障、医疗保障与公共卫生资金统筹衔接等方面实现创新与突破。目标是在“十四五”时期实现一个全民享有、公平适度、法治规范、高效便捷、协同联动的医疗保障制度。