非法拘禁作为战争罪在非国际武装冲突中适用的探究

作为国际法的一个分支，国际人道法旨在保护未参与或不再参与敌对行动的人员，并限制作战手段和方法的使用，因此。国际人道法也被称为战争法或武装冲突法。在国际人道法的传统理论观点中，非国际性武装冲突中的平民面对非法拘禁时不受人道法的保护。回顾1995年前南国际法庭上诉庭在塔迪奇一案中的判决所建立的标准，无论是国际武装冲突还是非国际性武装冲突保，面对非法拘禁时，平民均应受到人道法保护。     

关于越战期间美国老挝政策的国外成果研究综述

冷战初期，老挝本不是美国东南亚政策的重点问题，但随着越南战争的爆发，美国对老挝的重视程度逐步加深，直至派出地面部队进行干涉。这一问题值得深思。国外针对该领域的研究已硕果累累，但国内的相关研究才刚刚起步。对国外相关研究成果的整理和推介，应有助于推动国内学者在该领域的研究取得更新突破。     

The lost 1990s? Personal reflections on a history of participatory technology development

This article traces a history of agricultural participatory research, largely from the author's personal experience. Participatory research in the 1970s was mostly led by disciplinary scientists, and characterised by innovative activities and open academic debate, with some recognition that policy and development practice was a political process. The 1980s saw a shift to learning from past experience, and a participatory mainstream developed, seeking methods for scaling up. Meanwhile, others sought to understand and influence policy and institutional change in their political and cultural contexts, and to keep open the academic debates. The author considers the 1990s as ‘lost years’, during which mainstream participatory practitioners became inward-looking development generalists, not so interested in learning from others outside their paradigm. The late 2000s provide a chance to re-recognise the political and cultural embeddedness of science and technology; re-introduce strong, widely based disciplines; and learn from past activities that resulted in positive development outcomes (planned or unplanned).     

Argentine Nacionalismo before Perón: The Case of the Alianza de la Juventud Nacionalista, 1937–c. 1943

As the 1930s moved towards their close, a new generation of young men began to dominate the political wing of a generally more radical and assertive Argentine Nacionalismo, replacing the old guard that had found its inspiration in General José F. Uriburu and the regime he had led between September 1930 and February 1932. The Alianza de la Juventud Nacionalista, set up in September 1937, was the most important nacionalista faction of the period. It shared with other nacionalista factions the rejection of liberalism, parliamentary democracy and communism, but in contrast to the elitist and anti-popular orientation of earlier organisations, it aggressively tried to enlist popular support by portraying itself as a group genuinely concerned about the needs of the masses. The Alianza also distanced itself from the glorification of nineteenth-century Argentina, another hallmark of previous groups. Although it failed in its efforts to build up a significant following, the analysis nevertheless demonstrates that the organisation can be described as a genuinely fascist movement.     

抗战时期毛泽东民生思想的逻辑蕴涵

抗日战争时期，毛泽东创造性地把马克思主义关注人的生存境遇和自身全面发展的思想与中国革命的具体实际相结合，从改善民生的战略价值、改善民生的内涵与总体布局、改善民生的基本动力和外在保障等方面，提出了一系列富有创造性的关于改善民生的思想，逻辑严密、蕴涵丰富。抗日战争时期毛泽东民生思想，在鼓励当时军民克服困难、争取抗战的胜利发挥了重要作用。     

试论越南将南海问题国际化之举措——兼论其与越南海洋经济战略的关系

本文通过整理越南利用2010年担任东盟轮值主席国之机,把南海问题进一步国际化的一系列举措,以及越南2010年以来试图寻求外部支持的动向,论证其试图把南海问题国际化的策略.指出越南把南海问题国际化的举措是近期中越关系深层次矛盾处于微妙变动与复杂状态的最主要也是最根本原因.越南努力把南海问题国际化是与其长期以来推行的海洋经济战略紧密相关的.     

Race-Based Peremptory Challenges: An Empirical Analysis of Litigation from the U.S. Court of Appeals, 2002–2006

This paper examines race-based peremptory challenges. Such challenges occur during the voir dire jury selection process. The process allows both the defense and the prosecution to strike jurors who they believe will not decide cases fairly. However, in the case of Batson v. Kentucky 476 U.S. 79 (1986), the Supreme Court ruled that race could not be used as a factor in eliminating prospective jurors. This paper examines federal litigation for five years in which it was alleged that race was used as a factor in removing a juror. An examination of the cases revealed that most of the cases involved sole male litigants who allege that there were multiple race-based peremptory challenges used in their cases. Moreover, most of the cases that led to the allegations involved violent offenses. Other case characteristics are noted, but of most significance was the finding that most appellants lost their cases. As such, the courts felt that most of the challenges were, in fact, race neutral. The implications of this research are discussed. This study was funded by an undergraduate research grant from Penn State University.     

论美国独立战争时期的权利政治——权利方法、观念与实践

政治演进的基本历程可以归结为：由“权力本位”向“权利本位”的范式转换。先验的权利论证方法站在权利政治的基本立场上，通过追思“人应该享有什么权利”，形而上地来论证权利的存在。独立战争的胜利是一个继往开来的权利事件，它不仅圆满了一个“权利政治化”过程，而且开启了一场更为持久的“政治权利化”历程。自然法学说在北美的兴起并非偶然，而是历史与逻辑的必然统一。自然权利观，作为北美人们对于“权利”的基本认识与体悟，构成了权利政治的逻辑前提。权利政治肇始于自然法和自然权利的政治实践。     

韩国出兵越南对其国家发展的影响

参加越南战争对于韩国来说是一次经济发展的有利时机.在与美国关于越南战争问题的讨价还价之中,韩国不仅获得了大量的美国战争补贴,还获得了企业开拓市场的机会,同时在政治上增强了自身的国际地位和与美国讨价还价的砝码.因此,韩国出兵越南参加越南战争成为推动国家发展的一把利剑.     

The Early Cold War and American Political Development: Reflections on Recent Research

This paper is a review essay of three books representing new research into the relationship between Cold War mobilization and postwar American political development: Michael Hogan, A Cross of Iron: Harry S. Truman and the Origins of the National Security State, 1945–1954 (Cambridge University Press, 1998); Guy Oakes, The Imaginary War: Civil Defense and American Cold War Culture (Oxford University Press, 1994); and Peter Trubowitz, Defining the National Interest: Conflict and Change in American Foreign Policy (University of Chicago Press, 1998).