Species identification of Kachuga tecta using the cytochrome b gene

A DNA technique has been established for the identification to species level of tortoises. The test on the shell of the animal was used to identify samples from the species Kachuga tecta. A total of 100 tortoise shell specimens collected from the National Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan, were used in this study. Primer pairs were designed to amplify partial DNA fragments of cytochrome b within the mitochondrial genome. The DNA data showed that among the 100 samples, there were four distinct haplotype DNA sequences, within which there were a total of 90 variable sites. Between haplotypes I and II, there was only 1 nucleotide difference at position 228. Between haplotypes I and III, 65 nucleotide differences were observed; haplotypes I and IV, 62 nucleotide differences; and haplotypes III and IV, 56 nucleotide differences were observed. There were 66 and 63 nucleotide differences between haplotypes II and III and haplotypes II and IV respectively. All four haplotypes were compared with the DNA sequences held at the GenBank and EMBL databases. The most similar species were K. tecta (haplotype I and II), Morenia ocellata (haplotype III) and Geoclemys hamiltonii (haplotype IV), and their respective mtDNA similarities were 99.5%, 99.3%, 89.9% and 99.5%. However, as haplotype III was only 89.9% homologous with M. ocellata, it would seem that this haplotype shows only a limited relationship with a similar species registered currently in these databases. The method established by this study is an additional method for the identification of samples protected under Convention International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) and will improve the work for the preservation of the endangered species.     

PrP基因在金黄地鼠淋巴和外周组织中表达水平的动态检测

利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术,构建了标准重组质粒,制备了标准曲线,对不同年龄金黄地鼠腹股沟浅淋巴结、脾、心、肝、肺和肾提取总RNA,反转录后进行PrP基因的表达定量。结果发现,淋巴组织呈现高的表达量,外周组织的表达量比较低;不同组织在不同年龄出现表达高峰。     

基因编辑法律规制实践研究:以民事诉讼目的为视角

基因编辑因反映生物数据的特殊性被广泛应用在多个领域,由此产生的多元利益需求与安全风险呼吁制度保障。但基因决定论影响下的技术风险并未得到克服;基因编辑技术对传统的平等权和隐私规制造成冲击;并可能导致民事诉讼中职权调查范围扩大,法官自由心证受到技术为中心的鉴定结论影响,诉求的实现更加依赖公权力的参与。因此,基因编辑的法律规制在实践中并非单一面向,应当从生命的阶段性走向全方位调整;从个体信息需求走向信息安全整体性保护;从损害结果问责转向主体在全过程的行为规范;并在民事纠纷解决机制中体现多元价值导向,促进民事诉讼目的实现。     

Computer based testing – Bolls v. W. Scott Street,Sec'y of Va. Bd. of Bar Exmnrs., August 11, 2009, case no. 090915

The most significant change to law licensing in the United States is the recent¹ reliance on computer-based testing for the bar exam in all of the fifty states. The following comment piece is meant to inform the computer and technology law community how the use of testing software must necessarily be accompanied by additional procedural protections and corrective processes that may not have existed previously. Chief among these is the availability of discovery of the item in question, namely in this case the essays in a computer-based bar exam, which constitutes evidence that is essential to vindicating one's rights when a software failure occurs.     

Looking from South Africa to the World: A Story of Identity for our Times

The article is a consideration of the question of identity in South Africa, and also in a global context. Just as South Africa has looked to the world in order to understand its place, so too the world might look to South Africa to illuminate patterns less immediately visible elsewhere. Far from being unrepresentative in the apartheid period, South Africa was the ‘state of exception’ that incarnated and concentrated global realities; equally in the current era the reciprocal relations between the South African and the global evoke haunting concerns. The article begins with a consideration of the ‘classic’ generation of anti-apartheid activists, including figures such as Nelson Mandela and Bram Fischer, as they fashioned a new sense of South African identity. Yet it goes on to consider what happens when the classic period is over, and older definitions and oppositions are no longer available. Here the navigations of fiction, both in South Africa and elsewhere, become significant, and the article examines the work of writers from Gordimer, Coetzee and Ndebele, to Caryl Phillips and W. G. Sebald. It ends with a contemplation of the current period, nearly twenty years after the democratic transition in South Africa. In the era of the Marikana massacre and other pressing developments, both music and fiction open up some of the ambiguities and obligations. Drawing on Agamben, I suggest the intrinsic mutuality of the ‘home’ and the ‘foreign’ in establishing a more promising—and challenging—sense of belonging and identity both in South Africa and the world.     

Bad nature, bad nurture, and testimony regarding MAOA and SLC6A4 genotyping at murder trials

Recent research-in which subjects were studied longitudinally from childhood until adulthood-has started to clarify how a child's environment and genetic makeup interact to create a violent adolescent or adult. For example, male subjects who were born with a particular allele of the monoamine oxidase A gene and also were maltreated as children had a much greater likelihood of manifesting violent antisocial behavior as adolescents and adults. Also, individuals who were born with particular alleles of the serotonin transporter gene and also experienced multiple stressful life events were more likely to manifest serious depression and suicidality. This research raises the question of whether testimony regarding a defendant's genotype, exposure to child maltreatment, and experience of unusual stress is appropriate to present during the guilt or penalty phases of criminal trials, especially when capital punishment is a consideration. The authors present their experience in genotyping criminal defendants and presenting genetic information at criminal trials.     

我国基因专利保护范围界定的思考

基因专利保护范围边界的确定是当前生物科技专利领域中争论的焦点之一。专利保护范围决定着专利垄断权的实际价值,基因专利保护范围直接影响着生物技术产业的发展。主要梳理美国、德国、瑞士和日本在基因专利保护范围上的发展变迁趋势,同时初步探讨对我国基因专利保护范围界定方面给予的启示。     

山羊痘病毒温度敏感株基因组DNA复制非必需区的筛选

提取山羊痘病毒温度敏感株基因组DNA,用HindⅢ酶切,随机克隆到pUC18质粒中,限制性内切酶片段电泳分析和序列测定结果表明,克隆到4个不同大小的HindⅢ片段pUA、pUB、pUC和pUD。随后,将它们和羊痘病毒Pellor(AY077835)株进行了同源性比较,发现核苷酸同源性为90.0%~94.5%,氨基酸同源性为83.0%~91.4%。选取克隆或亚克隆后的单一酶切位点,插入P11P7.5-LacZ报告基因,构建了pUA1、pUB1、pUC1和pUD1共4个重组载体质粒。通过脂质体分别转染山羊痘病毒感染的BHK-21细胞,在X-gal存在条件下经蓝白斑筛选重组病毒,获得1株重组病毒,证明筛选出了1个复制非必需区片段。     

鹅细小病毒NS2基因以及VP1与VP3非重叠序列基因的真核表达

采用pBlueBacHis2A系统筛选鹅细小病毒(GPV)的检测抗原,利用PCR扩增和双酶切方法分别构建了含有NS2基因和VP1与VP3非重复序列基因的重组质粒pBlueBacHis2A-GPV-NS2、pBlueBa-cHis2A-GPV-VP(1-3),分别转染sf9细胞,得到重组病毒,分别表达出了54 ku的NS2融合蛋白和24 ku的VP(1-3)融合蛋白。Western-blotting和Dot-ELISA检测结果证实,表达产物具有特异性;间接免疫荧光试验证实,重组蛋白在细胞中获得了表达。     

鸡白痢沙门菌等位基因特异性PCR检测方法的建立

根据鸡白痢沙门菌与鸡伤寒沙门菌的rfbS基因在第237和第598位碱基的不同,设计和合成了等位基因特异性PCR引物,建立了快速检测鸡白痢沙门菌的PCR方法,并应用该方法对鸡白痢沙门菌临床分离样品进行了PCR鉴定。结果显示,该PCR方法能够特异性地鉴定鸡白痢沙门菌,检测灵敏度达100 pgDNA。对35个经常规方法鉴定的鸡白痢沙门菌分离株应用等位基因特异性PCR方法进行鉴定,鉴定出33株鸡白痢沙门菌,符合率为94.3%。表明,建立的等位基因特异性PCR方法能够准确而快速地鉴定鸡白痢沙门菌。