基因编辑法律规制实践研究:以民事诉讼目的为视角

基因编辑因反映生物数据的特殊性被广泛应用在多个领域,由此产生的多元利益需求与安全风险呼吁制度保障。但基因决定论影响下的技术风险并未得到克服;基因编辑技术对传统的平等权和隐私规制造成冲击;并可能导致民事诉讼中职权调查范围扩大,法官自由心证受到技术为中心的鉴定结论影响,诉求的实现更加依赖公权力的参与。因此,基因编辑的法律规制在实践中并非单一面向,应当从生命的阶段性走向全方位调整;从个体信息需求走向信息安全整体性保护;从损害结果问责转向主体在全过程的行为规范;并在民事纠纷解决机制中体现多元价值导向,促进民事诉讼目的实现。     

塔河油田思想政治工作注重八个“W”

随着油田企业改革的逐渐深入,塔河油田思想政治工作的内容、对象、载体等都面临着新的变化,思想政治工作者的角色也由管理者向服务者转变。针对这些转变,塔河油田参照相似企业思想政治工作的成熟经验,对思想政治工作过程管理中的八个"W"(开展思想政治工作过程管理中的八个环节)进行了探索。准确理解和掌控这八个环节,将对思想政治工作起到事半功倍的效果。     

我国基因专利保护范围界定的思考

基因专利保护范围边界的确定是当前生物科技专利领域中争论的焦点之一。专利保护范围决定着专利垄断权的实际价值，基因专利保护范围直接影响着生物技术产业的发展。主要梳理美国、德国、瑞士和日本在基因专利保护范围上的发展变迁趋势，同时初步探讨对我国基因专利保护范围界定方面给予的启示。     

Computer based testing – Bolls v. W. Scott Street,Sec'y of Va. Bd. of Bar Exmnrs., August 11, 2009, case no. 090915

The most significant change to law licensing in the United States is the recent¹ reliance on computer-based testing for the bar exam in all of the fifty states. The following comment piece is meant to inform the computer and technology law community how the use of testing software must necessarily be accompanied by additional procedural protections and corrective processes that may not have existed previously. Chief among these is the availability of discovery of the item in question, namely in this case the essays in a computer-based bar exam, which constitutes evidence that is essential to vindicating one's rights when a software failure occurs.     

PCR-DHPLC法检测硅藻SSU基因在溺死鉴定中的应用

目的采用PCR-DHPLC法检测硅藻SSU基因,评估其在溺死鉴定中的应用价值。方法 60只实验兔随机分为生前溺死（水中溺毙）、死后入水（空气栓塞致死后入水）、对照组（空气栓塞致死后不做处理）;溺死人体脏器组织;取各组织检材提取硅藻DNA,PCR扩增硅藻特异的核糖体小亚基（SSU）片段,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测、DHPLC检测分析。结果 6份硝酸消化法检测阴性的溺死人体器官组织检材经PCR及琼脂糖凝胶电泳检出5例阳性。生前溺死组肺、肝、肾硅藻检出率分别为100%、90%、85%,死后入水组仅肺检出硅藻（15%）,对照组各组织均为阴性;生前溺死组检出率明显高于死后入水组（P〈0.05）。10份溺死人体器官组织检材采用DHPLC法检出硅藻种类明显多于微波消解-扫描电镜法（P〈0.05）。脏器检出硅藻种类与溺死点水样一致。结论采用PCR-DHPLC法检测硅藻SSU基因,有助于溺死鉴定和溺死地点的推断,具有法医学应用价值。     

Looking from South Africa to the World: A Story of Identity for our Times

The article is a consideration of the question of identity in South Africa, and also in a global context. Just as South Africa has looked to the world in order to understand its place, so too the world might look to South Africa to illuminate patterns less immediately visible elsewhere. Far from being unrepresentative in the apartheid period, South Africa was the ‘state of exception’ that incarnated and concentrated global realities; equally in the current era the reciprocal relations between the South African and the global evoke haunting concerns. The article begins with a consideration of the ‘classic’ generation of anti-apartheid activists, including figures such as Nelson Mandela and Bram Fischer, as they fashioned a new sense of South African identity. Yet it goes on to consider what happens when the classic period is over, and older definitions and oppositions are no longer available. Here the navigations of fiction, both in South Africa and elsewhere, become significant, and the article examines the work of writers from Gordimer, Coetzee and Ndebele, to Caryl Phillips and W. G. Sebald. It ends with a contemplation of the current period, nearly twenty years after the democratic transition in South Africa. In the era of the Marikana massacre and other pressing developments, both music and fiction open up some of the ambiguities and obligations. Drawing on Agamben, I suggest the intrinsic mutuality of the ‘home’ and the ‘foreign’ in establishing a more promising—and challenging—sense of belonging and identity both in South Africa and the world.     

Bad nature, bad nurture, and testimony regarding MAOA and SLC6A4 genotyping at murder trials

Recent research-in which subjects were studied longitudinally from childhood until adulthood-has started to clarify how a child's environment and genetic makeup interact to create a violent adolescent or adult. For example, male subjects who were born with a particular allele of the monoamine oxidase A gene and also were maltreated as children had a much greater likelihood of manifesting violent antisocial behavior as adolescents and adults. Also, individuals who were born with particular alleles of the serotonin transporter gene and also experienced multiple stressful life events were more likely to manifest serious depression and suicidality. This research raises the question of whether testimony regarding a defendant's genotype, exposure to child maltreatment, and experience of unusual stress is appropriate to present during the guilt or penalty phases of criminal trials, especially when capital punishment is a consideration. The authors present their experience in genotyping criminal defendants and presenting genetic information at criminal trials.     

氯化锰对鸡支持-生精细胞凋亡及Bak和Bcl-x基因表达的影响

为探讨氯化锰(MnCl2)对鸡支持-生精细胞凋亡及Bak、Bcl-X基因mRNA表达的影响,取对数生长期鸡支持-生精细胞,用含0、2、3、4 mmol/L MnCl2的培养液培养24 h,采用原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记法(TUNEL)检测鸡支持-生精细胞凋亡,采用实时定量PCR检测Bak、Bcl-x基因mRNA的表达量.结果显示,MnCl2处理组细胞与对照组相比,鸡支持-生精细胞凋亡指数逐渐升高(P<0.01);Bak基因的表达量上调(P<0.01),Bcl-X基因的表达量下降(P<0.01).说明MnCl2可通过改变Bak、Bcl-X基因mRNA表达量导致鸡支持-生精细胞发生凋亡.     

A型副鸡嗜血杆菌血凝素基因的克隆表达及其产物的生物学活性鉴定

根据GenBank中登录的A型Hpg Hp8株血凝素基因序列,设计合成了1对特异性引物,以Hpg Hp8株中提取的细菌DNA为模板,利用PCR扩增了Hpg血凝素全长基因(1 035 bp),将其克隆到pET-32a( )载体上,构建了原核表达载体pET-HA,表达并纯化了重组蛋白,通过免疫印迹及血凝和血凝抑制试验鉴定了该重组蛋白的生物学活性。结果显示,表达并纯化的HpgHA重组血凝素蛋白可以和A型Hpg抗血清特异性结合,并且可以凝集鸡红细胞。表明,成功地构建了Hpg血凝素基因的原核表达载体,并表达、纯化了具有凝集鸡红细胞活性的Hpg-HA融合蛋白。     

近期引起免疫失败的传染性腔上囊病病毒VP2基因的分子特征

用RT-PCR方法从2007年12月在安徽境内发生的两起传染性腔上囊病(IBD)免疫预防失败的病鸡腔上囊组织样品AH1与AH2中扩增出了传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)VP2基因。序列分析表明,AH1与AH2病毒VP2基因长度均为1 350 nt,编码450 aa,七肽基序均为S-W-S-A-S-G-S,在222、253、256、279、284、294和299位上的氨基酸残基分别是A、QI、、D、AI、和S,具有IBDV强毒的分子特征,AH1和AH2感染的20日龄雏鸡产生明显IBD病变,死亡率为25%(1/4)。同源性分析表明,26个血清Ⅰ型IBDV毒株VP2基因核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性分别为90.7%～99.6%和95.5%～100%,不同IBDV毒株VP2基因的七肽基序、特征性氨基酸残基以及高变区的亲水性有差异。在进化树上,26个血清Ⅰ型IBDV毒株可分为数组,其中的15个中国分离IBDV毒株不在同组,毒株之间的亲缘关系与分离地区或分离时间没有明显的联系。AH1和AH2与现行商品疫苗毒株B87的VP2基因核苷酸序列的差异率分别为5.3%和5.2%,这也进一步佐证了IBDV野毒VP2基因变异所引起的毒力变化和VP2抗原表位的漂移是导致当前IBD疫苗免疫预防失败的主要原因。