Analysis of Dopamine D2 Receptor (DRD2) Gene Polymorphisms in Cannabinoid Addicts*

Abstract: The gene encoding the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) has been suggested as a candidate gene for substance dependence. In this study, the possible association between Taq1A and Taq1B DRD2 polymorphisms and cannabinoid dependence was investigated. One hundred and twelve cannabinoid addicted and 130 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The Taq1A and Taq1B genotypes were determined in all subjects by polymerase chain reaction. For each polymorphism (A or B), the subjects were categorized into three groups according to their genotype, that is, the subjects with alleles A1/A1, A1/A2, A2/A2; B1/B1, B1/B2, and B2/B2. A significant association was found between Taq1A gene polymorphism and cannabinoid addicts compared to the control subjects. This finding suggests that polymorphism of the Taq1A, but not the Taq1B, may be associated with the susceptibility to cannabinoid dependence. Further clinical studies are required to be carried out for confirmation and evaluation of these findings.     

外伤性癫痫灶组织的基因表达谱分析

目的比较外伤性和非外伤性癫痫灶组织的基因表达谱,探索外伤性癫痫的发病机制,为相关鉴定提供依据。方法收集外伤性和非外伤性癫痫灶组织样本各15例。分别提取总RNA,经逆转录标记不同的探针与人类cDNA表达谱芯片杂交,获得扫描图像,分析信号的强度和比值,对实验数据按照RNA微阵列分析法标准化,对差异表达基因进行聚类分析。结果两组样本中共有超过2 990条基因明显表达（表达超过背景2～5倍以上）。以30%样本中的表达调节水平大于1.5倍作为差异基因筛选标准,与非外伤性癫痫组比较,外伤性癫痫组样本中存在显著性表达差异的基因有192个,其中表达上调的有115个,表达下调的有77个。结论采用基因表达谱芯片技术可以有效地识别外伤性癫痫和非外伤性癫痫的差异表达基因,并可用于外伤性癫痫发病机制和分子分型的研究。     

Evangelical Protestantism and foreign policy in the United States after September 11

Much that has been written on evangelicals in the United States concerns their impact on domestic politics. But the election of George W. Bush has resulted in a new importance for the relationship between evangelicals and US foreign policy. This has become particularly clear following the 11 September 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Three issues deserve further study. One is evangelicals’ attitude to Islam. The second involves the relationship between evangelicals and Israel. The third concerns the stance of evangelicals towards war with Iraq. Through an examination of these three issues, Durham explores a number of important ­questions, ranging from the relationship of evangelicals’ theology and their politics to their partly supportive, partly critical attitude towards an administration itself led by an evangelical. Many evangelicals see the ‘war against terror’ as a war against Islam and unreservedly approve of Israeli policy, and many supported the launch of war in Iraq. Yet evangelicalism is not a monolith and, with regard to its disputes over how to respond to the ‘threat’ of Islam or what view to take of the Israel–Palestine conflict, Durham offers new insights into a powerful voting bloc and source of pressure within US politics.     

Time Radically Alters Ex Situ Evidentiary Soil 16S Bacterial Profiles Produced Via Next‐Generation Sequencing,,

Previous research has revealed the potential of soil bacterial profiling for forensic purposes; however, investigators have not thoroughly examined fluctuations in microbial profiles from soil aged on evidence. In this research, soils collected from multiple habitats were placed on evidence items and sampled over time, and then bacterial profiles were generated via next‐generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA locus. Bacterial abundance charts and nonmetric multidimensional scaling plots provided visual representation of bacterial profiles temporally, while supervised classification was used to statistically associate evidence to a source. The ex situ evidence soils displayed specific, consistent taxonomic changes as they aged, resulting in their drift in multidimensional space, but never toward a different habitat. Ninety‐five percent of the 364 evidentiary profiles statistically classified to the correct habitat, with misclassification generally stemming from evidence type and increased age. Ultimately, understanding bacterial changes that occur temporally in ex situ soils should enhance their use in forensic investigations.     

人类基因提供者利益分享实现的构想

人类基因提供者应分享基因专利带来的经济利益,但因与研究者信息不对称且缺乏正当的提供途径,基因提供者的利益难以实现。从基因提供者利益难以实现的原因入手,分析了利益分享的原则,论述了利益分享的方式,并提出了利益分享的途径。只有找到具体完备的实施方法,人类基因提供者的利益才能实现。     

乳牛布鲁氏菌病PCR诊断试剂盒的实验室评估

对前期研制的布鲁氏菌omp25基因-PCR试剂盒的保存期、特异性和可重复性进行了测定,并应用该试剂盒对采自宁夏、甘肃、内蒙古、山西、黑龙江、新疆省(区)的98头血清凝集试验(SAT)阳性乳牛的6批98份乳样和350头SAT阴性乳牛的2批350份乳样进行了检测。检测结果显示,PCR试剂盒与SAT的阳性符合率为100%(98/98),阴性符合率为97.71%(342/350);从SAT阴性乳牛的乳样中,用PCR试剂盒检出8份阳性,表明其敏感性高于SAT;对2株田间野毒Br-gs和Br-nmg株进行了克隆与测序,二者与标准菌株序列的同源性分别为99.8%和100%。试验结果证实,本试剂盒的可重复性良好,特异性较高,-20℃下的有效保存期为5个月。     

羊口疮病毒F1L与B2L基因核酸疫苗联合免疫小鼠特性的研究

为评价羊口疮病毒(OrfV)F1L与B2L基因核酸疫苗PVAX1-F1L、PVAX1-B2L联合免疫小鼠诱导体液和细胞免疫的应答效果,分别将PVAX1-F1L+PVAX1-B2L、PVAX1-B2L、PVAX1-F1L、PVAX1空载体与PBS通过后腿肌肉注射方式免疫小鼠,采用ELISA方法检测免疫不同时间段的小鼠血清中OrfV特异性抗体及细胞因子IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ,并通过MTT法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果显示,PVAX1-F1L+PVAX1-B2L联合免疫组小鼠血清抗体效价及IL-2、IFN-γ细胞因子水平显著(P<0.05)高于PVAX1-F1L和PVAX1-B2L单独免疫组,IL-4细胞因子水平差异不明显,但均与PVAX1空载体和PBS组差异极显著(P<0.01);PVAX1-F1L+PVAX1-B2L联合免疫组小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖水平与PVAX1-F1L和PVAX1-B2L单独免疫组相比,差异显著(P<0.05),与PVAX1空载体和PBS组相比,差异极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明,PVAX1-F1L+PVAX1-B2L联合免疫小鼠能够增强OrfV特异性抗体的分泌和细胞免疫应答,这为羊口疮新型疫苗的研制奠定了理论基础。     

中国28个省/区汉族人群41个STR基因座多态性数据分析

目的调查分析中国28个省/区汉族人群41个STR基因座的遗传多态性,为相关研究和鉴定提供全面科学的基础数据。方法收集28个省/区汉族9 126名无关个体血样本,采用Global FilerTM、AGCU EX-22和AGCU 21+13种试剂盒,进行41个STR基因座分型,统计各基因座等位基因分布和遗传学参数,并对各数据之间进行差异性检验。结果中国28个省/区汉族人群41个基因座分别检出8~76个等位基因,各基因型分布经正和检验,除SE33等7个基因座外,均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。遗传学参数分析显示,41个基因座中SE33等21个属高鉴别力、高杂合度、高信息量,其余20个属中等高度多态性基因座。部分省份等位基因频率分布数据之间有显著性差异(P0.05),各省与全国综合数据之间则无差异(P0.05)。结论本文调查结果证实41个STR基因座均具有较强的个体识别能力,获得的数据可为法医学应用和筛选适合中国汉族人群基因座等研究和实践提供科学的基础数据。     

西藏当雄牦牛皮蝇蛆病病原的分子分类鉴定

2011年在西藏当雄县感染皮蝇蛆牦牛的背部皮下收集到三期幼虫113个,首先进行了形态学鉴定,之后提取DNA,用特异性引物扩增COⅠ基因,并进行测序,与GenBank中的相关序列进行了同源性比较,建立了系统发育树。结果表明,西藏当雄县感染牦牛的皮蝇蛆为牛皮蝇蛆和中华皮蝇蛆。前者(85条)占样本总数(113)的75.22%,为西藏当雄牦牛皮蝇蛆病病原的优势虫种;COⅠ基因序列显示牛皮蝇和中华皮蝇的种间差异为10.8%～11.3%,同源性为88.7%～89.2%;牛皮蝇的株间差异为0.1%～0.6%,同源性为99.4%～99.9%,中华皮蝇的株间差异为0.1%～0.4%,同源性为99.6%～99.9%。说明COⅠ基因是牦牛皮蝇蛆病病原种类分子分类鉴定的可靠靶基因。     

用于检测仔猪致病菌的23S rRNA基因芯片的研制

以副猪嗜血杆菌、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、肠道沙门氏菌、猪链球菌等12种仔猪致病菌为目标细菌,23SrRNA基因为靶基因,从GenBank中下载其23SrDNA全序列,在其变异区设计特异性探针,在保守区设计通用引物。通过序列分析、PCR靶标与探针杂交试验,建立了有13条寡核苷酸探针和2对通用引物的仔猪常见致病菌基因芯片检测方法。以参考菌株粗提基因组DNA的10倍系列稀释模板做PCR,扩增产物与探针杂交,检出芯片的灵敏度为100fg。对33个参考菌株用芯片检测,结果有1例不正确,只鉴定到属;在61个野外分离株中,55株的芯片检测结果与生化或测序结果一致,有6例不一致,符合率为90%。初步研究证明,该检测方法能快速、有效地鉴定多种仔猪常见致病菌,但要区分某些细菌的致病株与非致病株,还要检测毒力/毒素基因。