基因专利保护制度探析

基因专利保护制度是法学界关注的新课题。本文从基因技术的可专利性、基因专利申请的实质审查、基因专利的归属三个方面展开分析 ,分别论述了是否应给予基因技术以专利保护、如何审查基因专利申请、以及基因专利成果利益分享问题 ,以供研究参考。     

论应用ISO9000标准建立文档一体化质量管理体系

本文认为参照ISO9000国际质量标准,建立和健全档案质量管理体系是档案工作发展的一个珏然趋势。并通过对ISO9000标准的介绍来对档案工作如何建立质量管理体系提出建议。     

Sudden cardiac death in young adults: environmental risk factors and genetic aspects of premature atherosclerosis

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder that may lead to premature coronary heart disease (CHD) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Mutations in the LDLR or APOB genes cause FH. We have screened the LDLR and the ligand-binding region of APOB genes in 52 cases of SCD. Deceased patients were younger than 40 years of age and were suspected of having FH. The LDLR and APOB genes were examined via PCR, high-resolution melting, and DNA sequencing. Therein, it was observed that 7.7% of the screened patients exhibited a rare sequence variant in the LDLR gene, with 5.7% suspected of being pathogenic mutations. Lipid profiles and genetic testing for FH could be considered when autopsy reveals significant atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries in young adults. First-degree family members are advised to seek medical advice and testing to determine their own risks of atherosclerosis to prevent premature CHD and SCD.     

A molecular genetic approach for species identification of mammals and sex determination of birds in a forensic case of poaching from South Korea

DNA-based analysis was performed using partial mitochondrial cytochrome b genes of five mammalian specimens and Chromo-Helicase-DNA-binding (CHD) genes of five pheasants to determine whether specimens were from illegally hunted animals. Mammalian specimens were identified as being those of horse, roe deer, and cow through gene amplification using cytb981f and cytb981r primer set and sequencing. CHD genes were revealed to be those of three male and two female pheasants through polymerase chain reaction amplification. Because hunting of roe deers and female pheasants is prohibited in Korea, these results provided forensic evidences of illegal wild animal hunting.     

Wertsicherungsvereinbarung – Angemessenheitsprüfung bei Altverträgen

Eine im Geltungsbereich des MRG erfolgte einseitige gesetzliche Erh?hung des vor Inkrafttreten des MRG zul?ssig frei vereinbarten Hauptmietzinses ist nicht dem Fall gleichzuhalten, dass die Wertsicherungsvereinbarung auf den ursprünglich zul?ssig frei vereinbarten Hauptmietzins anzuwenden ist. Vielmehr liegt im Fall einer einseitigen gesetzlichen Erh?hung des Hauptmietzinses (hier aufgrund des Vorliegens des Tatbestandes des § 12 a Abs 3 MRG) eben keine auf ihre Angemessenheit nicht überprüfbare Vereinbarung in einem vor dem 1. 1. 1982 geschlossenen "Altvertrag" vor. Die "Kombination" dahin, dass der im Geltungsbereich des MRG gesetzlich erh?hte nunmehrige angemessene Hauptmietzins aufgrund der ursprünglichen Wertsicherungsvereinbarung unüberprüfbar erh?ht werden kann, also ein überschreiten der Angemessenheitsgrenze des § 16 Abs 1 MRG durch die Anwendung der alten Wertsicherungsvereinbarung nicht geltend gemacht werden kann, würde zu einem unbilligen Ergebnis führen.     

多巴胺D3受体对安非他明诱导的条件性位置偏爱小鼠的作用

目的研究多巴胺D3受体对安非他明条件性位置偏爱小鼠的作用。方法采用条件性位置偏爱系统,观察腹腔注射安非他明前后多巴胺D3受体基因敲除小鼠(D3RKO)及具有相同遗传背景的野生型小鼠(C57BL/6)的位置偏爱效应,采用SPSS13.0统计软件包对实验数据进行两因素重复测量方差分析以及显著性检验。结果安非他明(5mg/kg)能使D3RKO小鼠产生明显的条件性位置偏爱效应,给药前、后以及同生理盐水对照组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.001),而C57BL/6小鼠没有形成明显条件性位置偏爱效应(P>0.05)。结论多巴胺D3受体基因敲除后可以使小鼠对安非他明产生明显条件性位置偏爱效应,提示多巴胺D3受体基因可能对安非他明依赖性形成具有抑制性作用。     

药物遗传学在法医学中的应用前景

人类因为基因的差异而表现出对某种药物、毒物、外界有害的化学物质、过敏原作出不同的反应.这种遗传背景的差异使一些人可以快速地清除这些物质,而另一些人却因此产生严重的不良反应.甚至死亡.药物遗传学和药物基因组学,通过对人类基因组测序和大规模基因组多态性的鉴别研究,诠释了个体遗传差异与对药物毒物不同反应之间的关系,这为该类案件的法医学鉴定提供了新的理论基础和研究手段.     

GEORGE W. BUSH AND ASIA: IN THE SHADOW OF 11 SEPTEMBER

Traditionally seen as a President consumed by the war on terror, George W. Bush is frequently portrayed as being relatively uninterested in Asia, and unable to outline a vision or a strategy to China, America’s Asian allies and Asian multilateral mechanisms. This article will revisit Bush’s policy on Asia and show a president who guided the United States with a policy that balanced the need to combat global terrorism and locate a focus on Asia. He faced the dilemmas of building cooperative relations with a rising China while trying to foster American alliances and partnerships in Asia, and managing the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Utilizing qualitative content analysis as the main research method, the article will demonstrate that the Bush administration had not a lack of focus on Asia and that Bush’s diplomacy to Asia should be recognized as one of the most significant achievements of his presidency.     

自私的基因与两性博弈：人类婚姻制度生存机理的生物学解释

物种的行为是以生殖为导向的,基因传递是促使物种进化的核心力量。在进化的层面上,婚姻是在人类发展的过程中,在男女、性、生殖等诸要素共同作用下的结果。婚姻制度在前政府时代是通过习惯来发挥作用的。当这些习惯被国家法律认可或作了微调而上升为法律时候,婚姻便成为了规范男女间性与生殖的一套国家制度。在生物学的层面,婚姻制度恰恰是在同性或异性间以生殖为目的、以性为内容、以生物学为场域的博弈中形成的,这场博弈伴随人类发展的始终,男女、性、生殖等诸要素的变化通常会引起婚姻制度的变革与调整。     

赤羽病病毒N基因硫氧还蛋白融合表达载体的构建与表达

为获得赤羽病病毒 (Akabanevirus ,AKAV )的核蛋白重组抗原 ,根据其基因序列(SmRNA)设计合成了 1对特异性引物 ,对AKAVN基因进行RT PCR扩增 ,产物大小约为 6 96bp ,回收纯化后 ,将其克隆至 pMD18 T质粒载体中 ,经核苷酸序列分析 ,与已报道的多株AKAV编码核衣壳蛋白N的SmRNA基因比较后发现 ,所测定毒株的核苷酸序列与TIN毒株的同源性高达 98.3% ,推测的氨基酸同源性为 97.6 % ,证实为AKAV的N基因。将该基因片段亚克隆插入pBAD/ThioTOPO表达载体 ,转化TOP10细胞 ,成功地构建了AKAVN基因重组表达载体。经L araboinose诱导表达 ,可稳定、高效地表达AKAV核蛋白抗原。表达蛋白为融合蛋白 ,分子质量约 4 2 .5ku ,其表达产量约占菌体总蛋白的 2 8% ,融合蛋白中含有AKAV特异性核蛋白抗原 ,可作为ELISA包被抗原