Best practices for the management of knowledge for conflict resolution: Lessons learned from the Great Lakes region of Africa

Abstract

This article deals with the management of knowledge for conflict resolution and innovation in Africa. After a brief discussion of the research methodology followed, a feedback is provided on the field study conducted from 2006 to 2008 in northern Uganda and Rwanda and at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in Arusha, Tanzania, and in the DRC. As a result of the field study, certain principles and practices were identified whereby the challenges facing Africa could be examined. The author found five ‘realms’ in which knowledge management can take place and that traditional knowledge practices, if merged with more modern knowledge management practices, provide a valuable framework for using knowledge management for conflict resolution and innovation in Africa. Best practices that were identified include an intra-connected and collective knowledge production system and the production of tacit knowledge, especially among the new generation or youth. Furthermore, the importance of intellectual capital (in the form of value-driven leadership, competent managers and expert knowledge workers) and the activation of an intervention into the continuous spiral of violent conflict which will ultimately lead to the innovative transformation of African society are discussed. Finally, some recommendations are offered as possible solutions for conflict resolution and innovation in Africa.     

Stature Estimation from Foramen Magnum Region in Chinese Population

Estimation of stature from body parts plays a vital role in identifying the dead. This study focused on dimensions of the foramen magnum region and examined the relationship between stature and the dimensions of the foramen magnum region in northern and southern Chinese populations. Measurements were taken on the skulls of 276 individuals (all male). Data on 48 individuals from northern China and 140 from southern China were used for further stature reconstruction of the above two populations in China. Statistical analyses indicate that bilateral variation is insignificant for all measurements except maximum length of condyle in the southern Chinese population (p < 0.01) and that the northern and southern populations differ significantly only in the minimum distance between condyles. Linear and multiple regression equations for stature estimation were established. The correlation coefficients between stature and the various measurements differed between the northern and southern Chinese populations.     

沈阳市内浑河河段中硅藻数量及种群变化规律

目的观测沈阳市内浑河河段中硅藻数量及种群的变化规律,为法医学溺死鉴定及判断落水地点提供技术帮助与科学证据。方法 2011年全年对沈阳市内浑河河段布观测点,每月采集水样并观测硅藻数量及种群的变化规律,每周采集水样并观测硅藻优势种群的变化规律。结果沈阳市内浑河河段中硅藻数量、种群及优势种群均随时间、地点而变化;硅藻数量及种群数12~2月最低,之后逐渐升高,5月达高峰,略有下降10月达第二高峰期,之后迅速减少;硅藻优势种群4~11月同一采样点相邻两周间变化明显,7~8月同一周内不同采样点变化不明显。结论河水中硅藻变化规律复杂,受环境、水文等多种因素影响,在法医学溺死鉴定及落水地点推断过程中,应充分考虑硅藻数量及种群的变化规律。     

东北亚国际合作与东北第二条亚欧大陆桥建设研究

随着东北亚国际合作进程的加快,珲春—图们江地区形势发生了巨大的变化。其面临的主要矛盾和问题是东北第二条亚欧大陆桥的中蒙"两山铁路"没有打通,中俄国际大通道"通而不畅",中朝国际大通道基础设施环境太差,缺乏稳定的货源。东北第二条亚欧大陆桥迟迟不能开通的原因是吉林省经济实力不强和对其重视程度不够问题,其他大国从中干扰,在与俄朝合作时存在体制机制障碍等问题。因此,协调国内和国际关系,发展跨境经济区合作是解决问题的主要途径。吉林省应和内蒙古自治区联合与蒙古国合作尽早开通中蒙"两山铁路"。通过国家相关部门也应加快与俄朝谈判步伐,尽早获取我国由图们江进入日本海的出海权,大力支持珲春—图们江地区开发开放,争取早日开通东北第二条亚欧大陆桥。     

金正恩时代的朝鲜和图们江区域的中俄朝合作

朝鲜的稳定发展和朝鲜半岛的无核化,符合我国利益。西方力图颠覆朝鲜政权。朝鲜政权能够生存,关键在于高层领导内部的求同存异、精诚团结,并得益于有效地强化政治教育、对西方渗透的严防死守。金正恩成为领袖,将集全权于一身,独自领导朝鲜。朝鲜的经济体制正在发生变化,"中产阶级"的代表已经出现,原始的资本主义方式成为许多朝鲜人谋生的手段。金正恩需要改变朝鲜的贫穷状况,让人民富裕,出现了改革的舆论和迹象。近年,中俄两国均积极采取措施帮助朝鲜改善管理制度、培育造血功能。中朝共同开发、共同管理罗先区和黄金坪、威化岛,俄罗斯推出俄朝韩三方合作新模式。目前朝鲜投资风险大,预期回报率低。建议中俄应排除干扰,求同存异,积极探索互相配合、分担和分摊风险、减轻负担,有利各方的合作途径。充分发挥中国政府的图们江开发战略和中俄两国元首签署的区域合作规划战略的作用,进一步深入开展合作。     

陕西县域经济发展问题探讨

中国经济在向城市经济侧重近20年后,正进入向县域经济侧重的转换阶段。最近三年,中央重新审视"重城轻乡"的非均衡经济发展态势,首次突破性地提出"县域"概念,并将"县域经济"正式纳入国家经济建设和经济体制改革的范畴,宏观经济政策呈现出向县域侧重的明确的方向性变化。这些转折性信号表明中国县域经济大发展时代的到来。陕西县域经济的发展,需借鉴国内外县域经济发达地区的经验,探索陕西发展县域经济的新思路和新方法。     

Phylogeographic investigations: the role of trees in forensic genetics

The human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome is commonly analyzed in various disciplines, such as population, medical, and forensic genetics, but conceptual and scientific exchange between them is still limited. Here we review several aspects of the mtDNA phylogeny that are particularly--but not exclusively--of interest to the forensic community. Among the issues that arise, we emphasize the importance of integrating evolutionary concepts into the forensic routine. We also discuss topics such as mtDNA mutation-rate heterogeneity and the weight of evidence, ethnic affiliations of mtDNA profiles, and the abuse of reference databases. Finally, we show the usefulness of coding-region variation in a forensic context.     

影响台湾地区政治文化变迁的外部因素分析

上个世纪70年代以来,台湾地区政治文化逐渐发生明显变化。从政治发展的角度考察,台湾地区政治文化的变化除受内部因素影响外,来自台湾地区外部因素的影响异常显著。中国大陆、美国、日本作为台湾地区主要的外部因素,对台湾地区政治文化变迁起着重要的触媒作用,透过台湾内部因素的作用,这些外部因素对台湾人的政治情感、政治信仰、政治态度的改变产生了深远的影响。     

论江南"折租造布"的中央化历程——读《隋唐制度渊源略论稿》财政篇

陈寅恪先生是以江南折租造布为例,来论证唐代的江南(南朝)化说的。根据武则天时期的陈子昂上疏以及仪凤三年度支奏抄、四年金部旨符,唐代江淮地区仍在实行以前南朝的折租纳布制度。开元二十五年之前,该区上供的租米通常是用租布(可能也包括钱)在东都附近籴纳来的。但随着江淮地区上供地位的提高及边境和籴事业的开展,中央政府也出现了直接受纳租布的迹象。唐玄宗时期,商品经济进一步发展,官府的和籴规模、区域事业不断扩大,中央对充任货币职能的布帛需求量也在加大。开元二十五年,政府在京辅一带广行和籴,最终以法令的形式确认了江南的折租造布制度。     

试论我国区域战略性产业结构布局政策的调整

我国在区域战略性产业结构布局中应实现发挥市场自组织机制与政府引导的有机结合。