医疗损害鉴定研究：江苏模式与北京模式比较——基于《侵权责任法》的视角分析

《侵权责任法》实施后我国并没有形成统一的医疗损害鉴定制度。江苏和北京高级法院分别对医疗损害鉴定的具体内容及部分具体鉴定制度进行了明确规定。二者最大的区别在于对医学会鉴定和法医鉴定这两种鉴定模式的优先选择不同。江苏模式优先选择医学会组织的医疗损害鉴定。能够从专业的角度保障医疗损害鉴定工作的完成．但建议加大力度完善医疗损害鉴定的监督机制及省属范围内的异地鉴定制度。北京模式则相对倾向医疗损害司法鉴定。建议完善医疗损害鉴定人的准入制度及医疗损害司法鉴定程序并构建医疗损害司法鉴定专家库。医疗损害司法鉴定制度构建过程中,建议遵循医疗损害鉴定统一性、专业性、标准化及监督的原则。     

赖昌星“难民”案的法律分析

赖昌星携家人潜逃加拿大后,向加拿大移民部提出了"难民"申请,由于加拿大难民制度完善而复杂,该案也一波三折。本文就赖昌星"难民"案所涉及的加拿大难民法律制度、该案争讼的焦点和该案目前的进展与前景做了简要介绍和分析。     

International Obligations and the Morality of War

Americans are not as religiously divided on foreign policy questions as they are over such hot-button, culture war domestic issues as abortion and gay marriage. Nevertheless, surveys suggest that Americans’ attitudes on several foreign policy fronts are consistent with a religious worldview. This analysis draws primarily on the findings of various PRC polls to examine the relationship between religion and three areas of foreign policy: the role of the USA in the world; the nature of international obligations; and the morality of war.

美国反补贴法的“前世”与“今生”——以4105法案为界

美国是世界上最早采取反补贴措施的国家。关贸总协议成立之前,美国的反补贴法是具有代表性的反补贴法律规范。伴随着多边贸易体制的发展,美国反补贴法也在进一步完善,不仅增加了“国内产业损害”的实质性要求,还修订了征收反补贴税和启动司法审查的具体程序,规定了行政当局初裁和终裁的期限,赋予国内生产商申请法律救济的途径。反补贴法还授权总统就补贴协议与外国进行谈判。然而长期以来,美国反补贴法在是否适用于非市场经济这一问题上却一直语焉不详,这与同出一辙的反倾销法形成鲜明对比。2012年3月,美国国会通过了《对非市场经济国家使用反补贴税法案》（4105法案）,明确了反补贴法既适用于市场经济国家,也适用于非市场经济国家,这在美国反补贴立法史上具有分水岭意义。     

‘That wicked rule,that evil doctrine … ’: Reforming the Law on Disclosure in Insurance Contracts

The Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012, which abolishes the consumer assured's duty to volunteer information, heralds the first successful outcome of the English and Scottish Law Commissions current insurance contract law reform project. This paper outlines the defects of the common law duty of disclosure which the Law Commissions sought to address. It goes on to consider why previous legislative attempts failed, the self‐regulatory measures introduced by the insurance industry as a means of resisting earlier pressure for statutory intervention, and how that resistance broke down. Finally, it examines the scope of the 2012 reforms and the current consultation being undertaken in respect of the duty of disclosure in relation to business insurance. It concludes by assessing the significance of the statute in providing a necessary impetus for future insurance law reforms.     

Data protection in Malaysia and Hong Kong: One step forward,two steps back?

Continuing rapid developments in information communication technology has led to an ever increasing amount of personal information being collected, processed, stored and used, without the individual even knowing about it. For countries which have domestic legislation relating to privacy and data protection, it has afforded the opportunity for a review. For others, it has opened up the opportunity to legislate. The aim of the paper is three-fold. First, the paper aims to deal with data protection regime in Malaysia and in Hong Kong by examining the salient features of the newly enacted Malaysia's Personal Data Protection Act 2010 and the recent recommendations for legislative reform to the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance in Hong Kong. Second, it considers whether the laws are more concerned with legitimising data protection practices of organizations and businesses rather than the protection of individuals' privacy interests. Finally, the paper briefly considers whether the laws adequately address the impact to individuals' data privacy brought about by technological advancements before providing a conclusion.     

Detention under the Mental Health Act: balancing rights,risks and needs for services

Mental health law has to balance considerations of both justice, and health and welfare. In the political climate of the 1990s mental health services have become targeted on those with serious mental illness, to address the objectives of containing risks and limiting service expenditure. This paper identifies that increasing rates of detention under the Mental Health Act through the 1990s in a particular region, disproportionately involve longer-term detentions (under section 3), men, and people with serious mental illnesses. Those detained are likely to experience social difficulties. Changes in legislation are imminent, and the paper concludes that thought should be given to the amount of statutory intervention in the lives of seriously mentally ill people, and to the principle of reciprocity in relation to those coerced for lesser periods. Services should seek to address the issues of social exclusion which are reflected in the circumstances of those detained.     

论程序行政行为的可诉性——以规划环境影响评价公众参与为视角

程序行政行为,原则上不能单独对其提起行政诉讼。何种程序行政行为例外可诉,需要结合个案,对维护行政效能、保障公民程序权利和实体权益等因素综合考量才能确定。规划环境影响评价过程中,公众能否参与以及参与的形式和内容都取决于相关行政主体的程序行政行为。对于此种程序行政行为,在法政策的层面,有许可对其单独提起行政诉讼的必要性;在法解释的层面,对其提起行政诉讼不存在受案范围和原告资格方面的制度障碍。     

监管型国家制度变迁的动因和特征

监管型国家的崛起是20世纪人类重要的制度创新,美国是这一领域的典范。探讨监管型国家制度变迁的动力、特征和内在矛盾,对于解决我国食品药品安全、消费者权益保护、安全生产等现实问题具有启示意义。本文以制度主义为视角,分析了影响美国政府监管产生和三阶段发展的因素,归纳出监管体系演变的主要特征:市场机制是内生动力,法治建设是约束力,社会进步是外在拉力,同时探讨了监管失灵的可能性。     

Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006: the implications for employers in educational settings

Vetting those who work with children and vulnerable adults is an emotive topic and one which can prove a challenging area for employers. The legitimate interest that parents, carers and employers have in screening those charged with the care of others can be in direct conflict with the most fundamental principles of economic freedom and employees’ human rights. The desire to balance these conflicting objectives is at the heart of the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006, which introduces what is being heralded as the most inclusive and comprehensive vetting and barring system to date. The changes dramatically widen the scope of workers who are subject to vetting and barring processes, covering employees, volunteers and contractors in the education, care and health industries, and affecting some 11.3 million people in the UK. This new scheme is of particular relevance and importance to schools and other educational institutions, who will be directly affected by the changes. This article will examine the practical employment implications of the new regime and the new obligations that the Vetting and Barring Scheme creates for both employers and employees.